Abstract In this paper, a study on the generation of foam in the presence of nanoparticles in porous media using microfluidics is reported. Drainage and co-injection tests were carried out and monitored with a high-speed camera. Convolutional neural network model was applied to quantify foam texture over time, efficiently. Microscopy images show a generation process characterized by early snap-off, followed by lamella-division, and finally leave-behind. In the presence of nanoparticles, the latter stage is delayed due to resistance to drainage imparted by capillary forces within the liquid films. Moreover, a general relationship between the generation rate and the pressure gradient, which resembles the classical constitutive equation for foam generation, i.e., r g ∝ ∇ P α , could be formulated. This indicates that the generation of a foam in the presence of partially hydrophobic nanoparticles and anionic surfactant, used for strong foam formation, follows the same mechanism of a foam stabilized only with surfactant.

中文翻译：

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使用微流体系统研究在纳米颗粒存在下泡沫的产生

摘要 本文报道了使用微流体技术在多孔介质中纳米粒子存在下泡沫生成的研究。进行了排水和共注试验，并用高速摄像机进行监测。应用卷积神经网络模型来有效地量化泡沫纹理随时间的变化。显微图像显示了一个以早期折断为特征的生成过程，然后是薄片分裂，最后是留下。在纳米颗粒存在的情况下，由于液膜内的毛细管力对排水的阻力，后一阶段被延迟。此外，生成速率和压力梯度之间的一般关系类似于经典的泡沫生成本构方程，即 rg ∝ ∇ P α ，可以被公式化。