The consolidation of long-term memory is influenced by various neuromodulators. One of these is estradiol, a steroid hormone that is synthesized both in peripheral endocrine tissue and in the brain, including the hippocampus. Here, we examine the evidence regarding the role of estradiol in the hippocampus, specifically, in memory formation and its effects on the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. We conclude that estradiol improves memory consolidation and, thereby, long-term memory. Previous studies have shown that it does this in three, interconnected ways : 1) via functional changes in excitatory activity, 2) signaling changes in calcium dynamics, protein phosphorylation and protein expression, and 3) structural changes to synaptic morphology. Through a functional network analysis of proteins affected by estradiol, we identify potential protein-protein interactions that further support a role for estradiol in modulating synaptic plasticity as well as highlight signaling pathways that may be involved in these changes within the hippocampus.

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海马雌二醇在突触可塑性和记忆中的作用：系统评价

长期记忆的巩固受到各种神经调节剂的影响。其中之一是雌二醇，一种在外周内分泌组织和大脑（包括海马体）中合成的类固醇激素。在这里，我们研究了有关雌二醇在海马体中的作用的证据，特别是在记忆形成中及其对突触可塑性的分子机制的影响。我们得出结论，雌二醇可改善记忆巩固，从而改善长期记忆。先前的研究表明，它以三种相互关联的方式做到这一点：1) 通过兴奋性活动的功能变化，2) 钙动力学、蛋白质磷酸化和蛋白质表达的信号变化，以及 3) 突触形态的结构变化。通过对受雌二醇影响的蛋白质进行功能网络分析，