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Two ectomycorrhizal truffles, Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum, endophytically colonise roots of non-ectomycorrhizal plants in natural environments.
New Phytologist ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-16 , DOI: 10.1111/nph.16321
Laure Schneider-Maunoury 1 , Aurélie Deveau 2 , Myriam Moreno 1 , Flora Todesco 2 , Simone Belmondo 2 , Claude Murat 2 , Pierre-Emmanuel Courty 3 , Marcin Jąkalski 4 , Marc-André Selosse 1, 4
Affiliation  

Serendipitous findings and studies on Tuber species suggest that some ectomycorrhizal fungi, beyond their complex interaction with ectomycorrhizal hosts, also colonise roots of nonectomycorrhizal plants in a loose way called endophytism. Here, we investigate endophytism of T. melanosporum and T. aestivum. We visualised endophytic T. melanosporum hyphae by fluorescent in situ hybridisation on nonectomycorrhizal plants. For the two Tuber species, microsatellite genotyping investigated the endophytic presence of the individuals whose mating produced nearby ascocarps. We quantified the expression of four T. aestivum genes in roots of endophyted, non-ectomycorrhizal plants. Tuber melanosporum hyphae colonised the apoplast of healthy roots, confirming endophytism. Endophytic Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum contributed to nearby ascocarps, but only as maternal parents (forming the flesh). Paternal individuals (giving only genes found in meiotic spores of ascocarps) were not detected. Gene expression of T. aestivum in non-ectomycorrhizal plants confirmed a living status. Tuber species, and likely other ectomycorrhizal fungi found in nonectomycorrhizal plant roots in this study, can be root endophytes. This is relevant for the ecology (brûlé formation) and commercial production of truffles. Evolutionarily speaking, endophytism may be an ancestral trait in some ectomycorrhizal fungi that evolved from root endophytes.

中文翻译:

在自然环境中,两种外生菌根松露,即块茎黑色菌和普通小麦,内生地定植在非外生菌根植物的根部。

意外发现和对块茎菌种的研究表明,除了与菌根宿主复杂的相互作用外,一些菌根真菌还以一种称为内生菌的宽松方式在非菌根植物的根部定植。在这里,我们调查内生的T. melanosporum和T. aestivum。我们通过荧光原位杂交技术在非切除菌根植物上观察到内生的黑麦草菌丝菌丝。对于这两种块茎物种,微卫星基因分型研究了其交配产生附近的果皮的个体的内生存在。我们量化了内生非根除植物的根中四个普通小麦基因的表达。块茎黑色菌丝菌丝定植在健康根部的质外体中,证实了内生菌。内生块茎黑色素菌和普通小麦(T. aestivum)促成了附近的果皮,但只能作为父母(形成肉体)。未检测到父本个体(仅给出在果皮减数分裂孢子中发现的基因)。非外生菌根植物中普通小麦的基因表达证实了其生存状态。在这项研究中,在非根除菌根的植物根中发现的块茎物种,以及可能的其他根除菌根真菌,可以是根内生菌。这与松露的生态学(肉û的形成)和商业化生产有关。从进化上讲,内生菌可能是某些从根内生菌进化而来的外生菌根真菌的祖先特征。在这项研究中,在非根除菌根的植物根中发现的其他根除菌根真菌也可能是根内生菌。这与松露的生态(布鲁尔形成)和商业化生产有关。从进化上讲,内生菌可能是某些从根内生菌进化而来的外生菌根真菌的祖先特征。在这项研究中,在非根除菌根中发现的根除菌和其他根除菌可能是根内生菌。这与松露的生态(布鲁尔形成)和商业化生产有关。从进化上讲,内生菌可能是某些从根内生菌进化而来的外生菌根真菌的祖先特征。
更新日期:2019-12-17
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