This study integrates new geologic mapping and structural analysis with previous work near Walnut Canyon and Telegraph Canyon to address the style and magnitude of shortening and the relationship between contractional structures and porphyry preservation and localization between the Ray and Resolution porphyry copper deposits. Cenozoic extensional structures were superimposed on earlier contractional structures formed during the Laramide orogeny, which dates from ~80 to 50 Ma. This superposition requires that Cenozoic normal faults be restored prior to analysis of Laramide contractional structures and their relationship to nearby porphyry copper deposits. Five distinct sets of normal faults within the study area progressively tilted the region 65° east. The amount of extension was 10.3 km or 276%. Using key constraints such as offset strata, cutoff angles between faults and various units, and Laramide fault geometries, the study area was structurally reconstructed and verified using 2-D kinematic modeling of reverse fault offset and related folding. Total shortening is 7.2 km or 98%. Laramide reverse faults are interpreted as thick-skinned basement-cored uplifts, because they restore to moderate angles, have related fault-propagation folds, and involve significant crystalline basement rock. The Telegraph Canyon reverse fault has at least 5.3 km of offset, and the Walnut Canyon reverse fault has 3.2 km. The preferred estimate of the total vertical uplift for the fault system is 5.2 km but could be several kilometers greater. The restored strike direction of these faults combined with mid-Cenozoic erosion surfaces throughout the region suggests that this fault system may be responsible for the Laramide uplift of the Tortilla Mountains and Black Hills. In addition, most major porphyry centers appear to have been intruded into the footwall of this large uplift, with local examples including Ray and Resolution, suggesting that topography generated from this uplift may have been critical to preservation of these ore systems. Though definitive crosscutting relationships do not exist in the immediate map area, geologic relationships in a broader area suggest that shortening here began after 74 Ma and, in the Ray area, had ended by ~69 Ma and that porphyry formation postdated reverse faulting by as much as 5 m.y. to as little as <1 m.y.

中文翻译：

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亚利桑那州东南部射线和斑岩斑岩铜矿床附近的Laramide隆升：洞察区域缩短样式，隆升幅度及其勘探意义

这项研究将新的地质测绘和结构分析与核桃峡谷和电报峡谷附近的先前工作相结合，以解决缩短的样式和幅度，以及收缩构造与斑岩保存和雷与分辨率斑岩铜矿床之间的局部化之间的关系。新生代伸展构造被叠加在拉拉米德造山运动期间形成的较早的收缩构造上，该构造可追溯至约80至50 Ma。这种叠加要求在分析拉拉米德收缩构造及其与附近斑岩铜矿的关系之前，恢复新生代正断层。研究区域内五套不同的正断层逐渐向东倾斜65°。延伸量为10.3公里，即276％。使用偏移层等关键约束，断层与各个单元之间的临界角以及Laramide断层的几何形状，使用反向断层偏移和相关褶皱的二维运动学模型对研究区域进行了结构重建和验证。总缩短量为7.2公里，即98％。Laramide反向断层被解释为厚皮的地下室核心隆起，因为它们恢复到中等角度，具有相关的断层传播褶皱，并涉及大量的结晶基底岩。电报峡谷逆断层的偏移量至少为5.3 km，而核桃峡谷逆断层的偏移量为3.2 km。断层系统总垂直隆升的首选估计值为5.2 km，但可能要大几公里。这些断层的恢复走向与整个地区的新生代中部侵蚀面相结合，表明该断层系统可能是造成了玉米粉圆山和黑山的拉拉米德隆升的原因。此外，大多数主要的斑岩中心似乎都已侵入到这个大隆升的下盘壁，当地的例子包括雷和分辨率，这表明由隆升产生的地形可能对保护这些矿石系统至关重要。尽管在直接的地图区域中不存在明确的横切关系，但在更广泛的区域中，地质关系表明，此处的缩短始于74 Ma之后，而在Ray地区，其缩短已达到〜69 Ma，斑岩的形成早于反向断裂。少至5我，少至<1我