In this paper, hybrid energy utilization was studied for the base station in a 5G network. To minimize AC power usage from the hybrid energy system and minimize solar energy waste, a Markov decision process (MDP) model was proposed for packet transmission in two practical scenarios. In this model, one buffer is transmitted with a given number of data packets over finite transmission time intervals. In the two scenarios of packet transmission, solar energy harvesting (SEH) is stored in the first scene, while the other scene uses the energy immediately. The MDP model determines the best actions and decisions for both scenarios. When considering a finite battery size and finite packet buffer, the MDP model defines the actions, states, state transition probabilities, and cost value for each action. In the first scenario, the received solar energy harvester will not be used if it is not enough to transmit the packets in the buffer. In the second scenario, the received solar energy harvester will be used immediately. In both scenarios, the cost value is the weighted sum of AC power and SEH wastage. The simulation results showed the optimum buffer sizes could be determined for the balance between AC power consumption and SEH wastage based on the cost value of the proposed model. Finally, the numerical results indicated that the proposed MDP model could reduce AC power usage by up to 50%.

中文翻译：

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关于5G网络中收获基站的混合能源利用

在本文中，研究了5G网络中基站的混合能源利用。为了最大程度地减少混合能源系统的交流电源使用量并最大程度地减少太阳能浪费，提出了两种实际情况下的马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）模型用于数据包传输。在这种模型中，一个缓冲区在有限的传输时间间隔内以给定数量的数据包进行传输。在两种数据包传输方案中，太阳能收集（SEH）存储在第一个场景中，而另一个场景立即使用能量。MDP模型确定这两种方案的最佳操作和决策。当考虑有限的电池大小和有限的数据包缓冲区时，MDP模型为每个动作定义动作，状态，状态转换概率和成本值。在第一种情况下，如果接收的太阳能收集器不足以在缓冲区中传输数据包，则将不使用该接收器。在第二种情况下，将立即使用接收到的太阳能收集器。在这两种情况下，成本值都是交流电源和SEH浪费的加权总和。仿真结果表明，基于所提出模型的成本值，可以确定最佳的缓冲器大小，以平衡AC功耗和SEH浪费。最后，数值结果表明，提出的MDP模型可以减少多达50％的交流电使用量。仿真结果表明，基于所提出模型的成本值，可以确定最佳的缓冲器大小，以平衡AC功耗和SEH浪费。最后，数值结果表明，提出的MDP模型可以减少多达50％的交流电使用量。仿真结果表明，基于所提出模型的成本值，可以确定最佳的缓冲器大小，以平衡AC功耗和SEH浪费。最后，数值结果表明，提出的MDP模型可以减少多达50％的交流电使用量。