Solid-state nanopores are now well established as single-biomolecule sensors that hold great promise as sensing elements in diagnostic and sequencing applications. However, until recently this promise has been limited by the expensive, labor-intensive, and low-yield methods used to fabricate low-noise and precisely sized pores. To address this problem, we pioneered a low-cost and scalable solid-state nanopore fabrication method, termed controlled breakdown (CBD), which is rapidly becoming the method of choice for fabricating solid-state nanopores. Since its initial development, nanopore research groups around the world have applied and adapted the CBD method in a variety of ways, with varying levels of success. In this work, we present our accumulated knowledge of nanopore fabrication by CBD, including a detailed description of the instrumentation, software, and procedures required to reliably fabricate low-noise and precisely sized solid-state nanopores with a yield of >85% in less than 1 h. The assembly instructions for the various custom instruments can be found in the Supplementary Manual, and take approximately a day to complete, depending on the unit that the user is building and their level of skill with mechanical and electrical assembly. Unlike traditional beam-based nanopore fabrication technologies, the methods presented here are accessible to non-experts, lowering the cost of, and technical barriers to, fabricating nanoscale pores in thin solid-state membranes.

中文翻译：

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通过自动控制击穿来制造固态纳米孔。

如今，固态纳米孔已被确立为单一生物分子传感器，在诊断和测序应用中作为传感元件具有广阔的前景。然而，直到最近，这种承诺一直被用于制造低噪声和尺寸精确的孔的昂贵，劳动强度大和低产量的方法所限制。为了解决这个问题，我们开创了一种低成本且可扩展的固态纳米孔制造方法，称为受控击穿（CBD），该方法正迅速成为制造固态纳米孔的首选方法。自从其最初的发展以来，世界各地的纳米孔研究小组已经以各种方式应用和改编了CBD方法，并取得了不同程度的成功。在这项工作中，我们将介绍我们通过CBD制造纳米孔所积累的知识，包括对仪器的详细说明，软件和所需的程序，可在不到1小时的时间内可靠地制造出噪声低且尺寸精确的固态纳米孔，产率> 85％。各种定制仪器的组装说明可在《补充手册》中找到，并且大约需要一天的时间才能完成，具体取决于用户要组装的单元以及他们在机械和电气组装方面的技能水平。与传统的基于束的纳米孔制造技术不同，此处介绍的方法可供非专家使用，从而降低了在固态薄膜中制造纳米级孔的成本和技术障碍。各种定制仪器的组装说明可在《补充手册》中找到，并且大约需要一天的时间才能完成，具体取决于用户要组装的单元以及他们在机械和电气组装方面的技能水平。与传统的基于束的纳米孔制造技术不同，此处介绍的方法可供非专家使用，从而降低了在固态薄膜中制造纳米级孔的成本和技术障碍。各种定制仪器的组装说明可在《补充手册》中找到，并且大约需要一天的时间才能完成，具体取决于用户要组装的单元以及他们在机械和电气组装方面的技能水平。与传统的基于束的纳米孔制造技术不同，此处介绍的方法可供非专家使用，从而降低了在固态薄膜中制造纳米级孔的成本和技术障碍。