At the present time, gut microbiota inspires great interest in the field of neuroscience as a function of its role in normal physiology and involvement in brain function. This aspect suggests a specific gut-brain pathway, mainly modulated by gut microbiota activity. Among the multiple actions controlled by microbiota at the brain level, neuronal plasticity and cognitive function represent two of the most interesting aspects of this cross-talk communication. We address the possible action of two-months implementation of gut Bifidobacteria using a mixture of three different strains (B-MIX) on hippocampal plasticity and related cognitive behavior in adult healthy Sprague Dawley rats. B-MIX treatment increases the hippocampal BDNF with a parallel gain in dendritic spines' density of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Electrophysiological experiments revealed a significant increment of HFS-induced LTP formation on the CA1 hippocampal region in B-MIX treated rats. All these effects are accompanied by a better cognitive performance observed in B-MIX treated animals with no impairments in locomotion activity. Therefore, in adult rats, the treatment with different strains of bifidobacteria is able to markedly enhance neuronal plasticity and the CNS function influencing cognitive behavior, an effect that may suggest a potential therapeutic treatment in brain diseases associated with cognitive functions.

中文翻译：

---

肠道双歧杆菌治疗可改善成年健康大鼠的海马可塑性和认知行为。

目前，肠道菌群由于其在正常生理学中的作用和参与脑功能的作用而引起了人们对神经科学领域的极大兴趣。该方面表明主要由肠微生物群活性调节的特定肠脑途径。在大脑水平上由微生物群控制的多种动作中，神经元可塑性和认知功能代表了这种串扰交流中最有趣的两个方面。我们讨论了使用成年健康的Sprague Dawley大鼠的三种不同菌株（B-MIX）的混合物对肠道双歧杆菌实施两个月对海马可塑性和相关认知行为的可能作用。B-MIX治疗可增加海马BDNF，同时增加海马CA1锥体神经元的树突棘密度。电生理实验显示，在B-MIX处理的大鼠中，HFS诱导的CA1海马区LTP形成显着增加。在用B-MIX治疗的动物中观察到的所有这些作用都伴随着更好的认知表现，而运动活动没有受到损害。因此，在成年大鼠中，用双歧杆菌的不同菌株进行的治疗能够显着增强神经元可塑性，并且中枢神经系统功能会影响认知行为，这种作用可能暗示了与认知功能相关的脑部疾病的潜在治疗方法。