Learning psycho(bio)logy has developed a solid corpus of evidence and theory regarding behavior control modes. The present article briefly reviews that literature and its influence on recent models in which the transition from goal-directed to compulsive behavior is identified as the main process underlying substance use disorders. This literature is also relevant to non-substance addictive disorders, and serves as basis to propose a restricted definition of behavioral addiction relying on the presence of behavior-specific compulsivity. Complementarily, we consider whether some activities can become disordered while remaining mostly goal-driven. Based on reinforcement learning models, relative outcome utility computation is proposed as an alternative mechanism through which dysfunctional behaviors (even not qualifying as addictive) can override adaptive ones, causing functional impairment. Beyond issues of conceptual delimitation, recommendations are made regarding the importance of identifying individual etiological pathways to dysregulated behavior, the necessity of accurately profiling at-risk individuals, and the potential hazards of symptom-based diagnosis. In our view, the validity of these recommendations does not depend on the position one takes in the nosological debate.

中文翻译：

---

学习失去控制：基于过程的行为成瘾说明。

学习心理学（生物）已发展出关于行为控制模式的可靠证据和理论。本文简要回顾了文献及其对最近模型的影响，在这些模型中，从目标导向行为向强迫行为的转变被确定为物质使用障碍的主要过程。该文献也与非物质成瘾性疾病有关，并作为依据行为特定强迫性的存在提出行为成瘾的限制性定义的基础。作为补充，我们考虑在保持大部分目标驱动力的同时，某些活动是否会变得混乱。基于强化学习模型，提出相对结果效用计算作为一种替代机制，通过该机制，功能障碍行为（甚至不符合成瘾性）可以覆盖适应性行为，从而导致功能障碍。除了概念上的划界问题外，还提出了有关确定个体行为失调的病因学途径的重要性，准确描述有风险的个体的必要性以及基于症状的诊断的潜在危害的建议。我们认为，这些建议的有效性并不取决于人们在疾病学辩论中所持的立场。准确分析有风险的个人的必要性，以及基于症状的诊断的潜在危害。我们认为，这些建议的有效性并不取决于人们在疾病学辩论中所持的立场。准确分析有风险的个人的必要性，以及基于症状的诊断的潜在危害。我们认为，这些建议的有效性并不取决于人们在疾病学辩论中所持的立场。