Twin studies in schizophrenia have been crucial in establishing estimates for the heritability and thus providing evidence for a genetic component in this disorder. Recent years have seen the application of the twin study paradigm to both putative intermediate phenotypes and biomarkers of disease as well as a diversification of its use in schizophrenia research. This review addressed studies of brain structure (T1 morphometry) and cognition in schizophrenia using twin study designs. We review major findings such as the overlap of genetic variance between schizophrenia and cognition as a model for the emergence of psychopathology. The use of novel hybrid models integrating molecular genetic risk markers, as well as the use of twin studies in epigenetics might prove to significantly enhance schizophrenia research in the post-GWAS era.

中文翻译：

---

对精神分裂症的大脑结构和认知的双重研究。

精神分裂症的双生子研究对于建立遗传力的估计至关重要，因此为这种疾病的遗传成分提供了证据。近年来，已经看到了孪生研究范式在假定的中间表型和疾病生物标志物上的应用，以及在精神分裂症研究中的多种用途。这篇综述使用双胞胎研究设计解决了精神分裂症的大脑结构（T1形态测定）和认知研究。我们审查主要发现，例如精神分裂症和认知之间的遗传变异重叠是心理病理学出现的模型。整合分子遗传风险标记的新型杂交模型的使用，以及表观遗传学中双生子研究的使用，可能会显着增强GWAS后时代的精神分裂症研究。