The past decade has produced an explosion in the number and variety of genetic tools available to neuroscientists, resulting in an unprecedented ability to precisely manipulate the genome and epigenome in behaving animals. However, no single resource exists that describes all of the tools available to neuroscientists. Here, we review the genetic, transgenic, and viral techniques that are currently available to probe the complex relationship between genes and cognition. Topics covered include types of traditional transgenic mouse models (knockout, knock-in, reporter lines), inducible systems (Cre-loxP, Tet-On, Tet-Off) and cell- and circuit-specific systems (TetTag, TRAP, DIO-DREADD). Additionally, we provide details on virus-mediated and siRNA/shRNA approaches, as well as a comprehensive discussion of the myriad manipulations that can be made using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, including single base pair editing and spatially- and temporally-regulated gene-specific transcriptional control. Collectively, this review will serve as a guide to assist neuroscientists in identifying and choosing the appropriate genetic tools available to study the complex relationship between the brain and behavior.

中文翻译：

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转基因小鼠和其他遗传工具的神经科学家指南。


过去十年，神经科学家可用的遗传工具的数量和种类呈爆炸式增长，从而使精确操纵动物基因组和表观基因组的能力达到前所未有的水平。然而，没有一个资源可以描述神经科学家可用的所有工具。在这里，我们回顾了目前可用于探索基因与认知之间复杂关系的遗传、转基因和病毒技术。涵盖的主题包括传统转基因小鼠模型的类型（敲除、敲入、报告系）、诱导系统（Cre-loxP、Tet-On、Tet-Off）以及细胞和电路特异性系统（TetTag、TRAP、DIO-可怕）。此外，我们提供了有关病毒介导和 siRNA/shRNA 方法的详细信息，以及对使用 CRISPR-Cas9 系统可以进行的各种操作的全面讨论，包括单碱基对编辑和空间和时间调控基因。特异性转录控制。总的来说，这篇综述将作为指导，帮助神经科学家识别和选择合适的遗传工具来研究大脑和行为之间的复杂关系。