BACKGROUND Early intervention is a valuable tool to support the development of toddlers with neurodevelopmental disorders. With recent research advances in early identification that allow for pre-symptomatic detection of autism in infancy, scientists are looking forward to intervention during infancy. These advances may be supported by the identification of biologically based treatment and outcome measures that are sensitive and dimensional. The purpose of this review is to evaluate white matter neurodevelopment as a monitoring biomarker for early treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as used as exemplars. White matter has unique neurobiology, including a prolonged period of dynamic development. This developmental pattern may make white matter especially responsive to treatment. White matter develops aberrantly in children with ASD and FXS. Histologic studies in rodents have provided targets for FXS pharmacological intervention. However, pharmaceutical clinical trials in humans failed to garner positive clinical results. In this article, we argue that the use of neurobiological monitoring biomarkers may overcome some of these limitations, as they are objective, not susceptible to placebo effects, and are dimensional in nature. SHORT CONCLUSION As the field moves towards earlier detection and early intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders, we encourage scientists to consider the advantages of using neurobiological features as monitoring biomarkers.

中文翻译：

---

白质作为神经发育障碍干预研究的监测生物标志物。

背景技术早期干预是支持患有神经发育障碍的幼儿发展的有价值的工具。随着早期识别方面的最新研究进展，可以对婴儿期的自闭症进行症状前检测，科学家们期待着婴儿期的干预。这些进展可以通过鉴定生物学上敏感的治疗方法和敏感度和维度的结果指标来支持。这篇综述的目的是评估白质神经发育，作为早期治疗神经发育障碍的监测生物标志物。用作示例的易碎X综合征（FXS）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。白质具有独特的神经生物学，包括长时间的动态发育。这种发育方式可能使白质对治疗特别敏感。ASD和FXS患儿的白质异常发育。啮齿动物的组织学研究为FXS药理干预提供了目标。但是，人类的药物临床试验未能获得积极的临床结果。在本文中，我们认为神经生物学监测生物标记物的使用可能会克服其中的某些局限性，因为它们是客观的，不易受到安慰剂的影响，并且具有一定的本质。结论随着该领域朝着对神经发育障碍的早期发现和早期干预的方向发展，我们鼓励科学家考虑使用神经生物学特征作为监测生物标志物的优势。在人类进行的药物临床试验未能获得积极的临床结果。在本文中，我们认为神经生物学监测生物标记物的使用可能会克服其中的某些局限性，因为它们是客观的，不易受到安慰剂的影响，并且具有一定的本质。结论随着该领域朝着对神经发育障碍的早期发现和早期干预的方向发展，我们鼓励科学家考虑使用神经生物学特征作为监测生物标志物的优势。在人类进行的药物临床试验未能获得积极的临床结果。在本文中，我们认为神经生物学监测生物标记物的使用可能会克服其中的某些局限性，因为它们是客观的，不易受到安慰剂的影响，并且具有一定的本质。结论随着该领域朝着对神经发育障碍的早期发现和早期干预的方向发展，我们鼓励科学家考虑使用神经生物学特征作为监测生物标志物的优势。