BACKGROUND Topical anaesthesia is important to optimize pain control during dental injection. Our aim was to describe a new simple method for topical anaesthesia of oral mucosa and to compare the effectiveness of ice and lidocaine 5% gel for topical anaesthesia of oral mucosa. METHODS A total of 40 patients aged 10.7-19.5 years were included. The side and method of application were both randomized. Heart rate was recorded, and discomfort and pain were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS). A paired t-test was used to compare mean values, a chi2 test was used to compare proportions, and a Pearson correlation test was used to examine correlations between variables. RESULTS When ice was used, buccal injection VAS pain was rated lower (p = 0.044), and VAS discomfort was rated higher (p = 0.001), in comparison to when lidocaine 5% gel was used. There was no significant difference in relative heart rate change between ice and lidocaine 5% gel at either needle stick or injection. Lidocaine 5% gel produced a relative heart rate reduction after palatal injection (0.99 ± 0.06) while buccal injection produced an increased relative heart rate (1.02 ± 0.08) (p = 0.010). Unpleasant taste was more frequently reported when lidocaine 5% gel was used (p = 0.025). An application time of 1 min was sufficient for both ice and lidocaine 5% gel to achieve pain reduction from needle stick in buccal mucosa. CONCLUSION The cheap and readily available described method using ice for topical anaesthesia of oral mucosa before dental injection is an effective alternative to lidocaine 5% gel. TRIAL REGISTRATION The European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database EudraCT201300530531. Date of registration: February 10th, 2014.

中文翻译：

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冰与利多卡因5％凝胶用于口腔粘膜局部麻醉-一项随机交叉研究。

背景技术局部麻醉对于优化牙科注射期间的疼痛控制很重要。我们的目的是描述一种用于口腔黏膜局部麻醉的新的简单方法，并比较冰和5％利多卡因凝胶对口腔黏膜局部麻醉的有效性。方法纳入40例10.7-19.5岁的患者。施用方面和方法均随机。记录心率，并使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估不适和疼痛。使用配对t检验比较平均值，使用chi2检验比较比例，使用Pearson相关检验检查变量之间的相关性。结果与使用利多卡因5％凝胶相比，使用冰块时，颊部注射VAS疼痛的评分较低（p = 0.044），而VAS不适的评分较高（p = 0.001）。针刺或注射时，冰和5％利多卡因凝胶之间的相对心率变化无显着差异。5％的利多卡因凝胶在pa骨注射后产生相对心率降低（0.99±0.06），而颊侧注射产生相对心率升高（1.02±0.08）（p = 0.010）。使用5％利多卡因凝胶时，较不愉快的味道更为常见（p = 0.025）。1分钟的敷药时间足以使冰和5％利多卡因凝胶均能减轻颊粘膜针刺引起的疼痛。结论在牙科注射之前使用冰进行口腔粘膜局部麻醉的廉价且容易获得的描述方法可有效替代5％利多卡因凝胶。试验注册欧盟药物管制局临床试验数据库EudraCT201300530531。