Use of salt substitutes containing potassium chloride is a potential strategy to reduce sodium intake, increase potassium intake, and thereby lower blood pressure and prevent the adverse consequences of high blood pressure. In this review, we describe the rationale for using potassium-enriched salt substitutes, summarize current evidence on the benefits and risks of potassium-enriched salt substitutes and discuss the implications of using potassium-enriched salt substitutes as a strategy to lower blood pressure. A benefit of salt substitutes that contain potassium chloride is the expected reduction in dietary sodium intake at the population level because of reformulation of manufactured foods or replacement of sodium chloride added to food during home cooking or at the dining table. There is empirical evidence that replacement of sodium chloride with potassium-enriched salt substitutes lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure (average net Δ [95% CI] in mm Hg: -5.58 [-7.08 to -4.09] and -2.88 [-3.93 to -1.83], respectively). The risks of potassium-enriched salt substitutes include a possible increased risk of hyperkalemia and its principal adverse consequences: arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, especially in people with conditions that impair potassium excretion such as chronic kidney disease. There is insufficient evidence regarding the effects of potassium-enriched salt substitutes on the occurrence of hyperkalemia. There is a need for additional empirical research on the effect of increasing dietary potassium and potassium-enriched salt substitutes on serum potassium levels and the risk of hyperkalemia, as well as for robust estimation of the population-wide impact of replacing sodium chloride with potassium-enriched salt substitutes.

中文翻译：

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富含钾的盐替代品作为降低血压的一种手段

使用含氯化钾的盐替代品是减少钠摄入量、增加钾摄入量、从而降低血压和预防高血压不良后果的潜在策略。在这篇综述中，我们描述了使用富钾盐替代品的基本原理，总结了当前关于富钾盐替代品的益处和风险的证据，并讨论了使用富钾盐替代品作为降低血压策略的影响。含有氯化钾的盐替代品的一个好处是，由于在家庭烹饪或餐桌上重新配制制造食品或替代添加到食品中的氯化钠，预期可以减少人口水平的膳食钠摄入量。有经验证据表明，用富含钾的盐替代品替代氯化钠可降低收缩压和舒张压（平均净 Δ [95% CI] 以 mm Hg 为单位：-5.58 [-7.08 至 -4.09] 和 -2.88 [-3.93 至-1.83]，分别）。富含钾的盐替代品的风险包括可能增加高钾血症的风险及其主要不良后果：心律失常和心源性猝死，尤其是在患有慢性肾病等钾排泄障碍的人群中。关于富含钾的盐替代品对高钾血症发生的影响的证据不足。需要对增加膳食钾和富含钾的盐替代品对血清钾水平和高钾血症风险的影响进行额外的实证研究，