In two experiments, we investigated the relationship between lexical access processes, and processes that are specifically related to making lexical decisions. In Experiment 1, participants performed a standard lexical decision task in which they had to respond as quickly and as accurately as possible to visual (written), auditory (spoken) and audiovisual (written + spoken) items. In Experiment 2, a different group of participants performed the same task but were required to make responses after a delay. Linear mixed effect models on reaction times and single trial Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) revealed that ERP lexicality effects started earlier in the visual than auditory modality, and that effects were driven by the written input in the audiovisual modality. More negative ERP amplitudes predicted slower reaction times in all modalities in both experiments. However, these predictive amplitudes were mainly observed within the window of the lexicality effect in Experiment 1 (the speeded task), and shifted to post-response-probe time windows in Experiment 2 (the delayed task). The lexicality effects lasted longer in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2, and in the delayed task, we additionally observed a "re-instantiation" of the lexicality effect related to the delayed response. Delaying the response in an otherwise identical lexical decision task thus allowed us to separate lexical access processes from processes specific to lexical decision.

中文翻译：

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听觉，视觉和视听项目的词汇访问与词汇决策过程：行为和神经测量的见解。

在两个实验中，我们研究了词法访问过程与特定于词法决策的过程之间的关系。在实验1中，参与者执行了标准的词汇决策任务，其中他们必须对视觉（书面），听觉（口语）和视听（书面和口头）项目做出尽可能快速而准确的响应。在实验2中，另一组参与者执行了相同的任务，但需要延迟后做出响应。反应时间和单一试验事件相关电位（ERP）的线性混合效应模型显示，ERP词汇性效应在视觉上比听觉形式更早开始，并且这种作用是由视听形式中的书面输入驱动的。在两个实验中，所有模式的ERP负值幅度越大，预测的反应时间越慢。但是，这些预测幅度主要在实验1（加速任务）的词汇性效果窗口内观察到，并在实验2（延迟任务）中转移到响应后时间窗口。实验1中的词法效果比实验2中的时间更长，并且在延迟任务中，我们还观察到了与延迟响应有关的词法效果的“重新实例化”。因此，在其他相同的词汇决策任务中延迟响应使我们能够将词汇访问过程与特定于词汇决策的过程分开。并移至实验2（延迟任务）中的响应后探针时间窗口。实验1中的词法效果比实验2中的时间更长，并且在延迟任务中，我们还观察到了与延迟响应有关的词法效果的“重新实例化”。因此，在其他相同的词汇决策任务中延迟响应使我们能够将词汇访问过程与特定于词汇决策的过程分开。并移至实验2（延迟任务）中的响应后探针时间窗口。实验1中的词法效果比实验2中的时间更长，并且在延迟任务中，我们还观察到了与延迟响应有关的词法效果的“重新实例化”。因此，在其他相同的词汇决策任务中延迟响应使我们能够将词汇访问过程与特定于词汇决策的过程分开。