Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been proposed as a bridging technology between the current energy production and a future renewable energy system. One promising carbon capture technology is chemical-looping combustion (CLC). In CLC the reactors are filled with metal oxide bed material called oxygen carriers. The interaction between oxygen carriers and biomass ashes is a poorly explored field. To make CLC a viable process, and thereby creating carbon emission reductions, more knowledge about the interactions between biomass ashes and oxygen carriers is needed. This study investigated solid-state reactions of three promising oxygen carriers, hematite, hausmannite and synthesised ilmenite with different biomass ash components. Oxygen carriers were exposed with the ash components: calcium carbonate, silica and potassium carbonate at 900 °C and at different reducing potentials. Crystalline phases of the exposed samples were determined using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the oxygen carriers hausmannite and hematite interact to a higher extent compared to synthesised ilmenite regarding both physical characteristics and detectable phases. Synthesised ilmenite formed new phases only in systems including potassium. Thermodynamic calculations were performed on the multicomponent system and compared with experimental results. The results suggest that optimisation of systems involving manganese and potassium should be performed.

中文翻译：

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载氧体与常见生物质灰成分的相互作用

摘要 碳捕集与封存 (CCS) 已被提议作为当前能源生产与未来可再生能源系统之间的桥梁技术。一种有前景的碳捕获技术是化学循环燃烧 (CLC)。在 CLC 中，反应器填充有称为氧载体的金属氧化物床材料。氧载体和生物质灰烬之间的相互作用是一个探索不足的领域。为了使 CLC 成为可行的过程，从而减少碳排放，需要更多关于生物质灰分和氧载体之间相互作用的知识。本研究调查了三种有前景的氧载体，赤铁矿、磷锰矿和具有不同生物质灰成分的合成钛铁矿的固态反应。氧气载体暴露于灰成分：碳酸钙、二氧化硅和碳酸钾在 900 °C 和不同的还原电位。使用粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 确定暴露样品的晶相。结果表明，与合成钛铁矿相比，就物理特性和可检测相而言，氧载体铁铝石和赤铁矿的相互作用程度更高。合成钛铁矿仅在包括钾的系统中形成新相。对多组分系统进行了热力学计算，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明，应该对涉及锰和钾的系统进行优化。结果表明，与合成钛铁矿相比，就物理特性和可检测相而言，氧载体黑锰矿和赤铁矿的相互作用程度更高。合成钛铁矿仅在包括钾的系统中形成新相。对多组分系统进行了热力学计算，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明，应该对涉及锰和钾的系统进行优化。结果表明，与合成钛铁矿相比，就物理特性和可检测相而言，氧载体黑锰矿和赤铁矿的相互作用程度更高。合成钛铁矿仅在包括钾的系统中形成新相。对多组分系统进行了热力学计算，并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明，应该对涉及锰和钾的系统进行优化。