Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5), encoded by APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, are two critical regulators of plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Deficiency of apoC3 or apoA5 led to significant decreased or increased plasma TG levels, respectively. Recent studies indicated apoC3 and apoA5 also played roles in plasma remnant cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hepatic TG metabolisms. Moreover, large scale population genetic studies indicated that loss of function mutations in APOC3 and APOA5 gene conferred decreased and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), respectively. This manuscript mainly reviewed existing evidences suggesting the opposite role of apoC3 and apoA5 in lipid metabolism and CAD risk, and discussed the potential correlation between these two apolipoproteins.

中文翻译：

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载脂蛋白C3和载脂蛋白A5在脂质代谢和冠状动脉疾病中的相反作用的新证据。

由APOA1 / C3 / A4 / A5基因簇编码的载脂蛋白C3（apoC3）和载脂蛋白A5（apoA5）是血浆甘油三酸酯（TG）代谢的两个关键调节因子。缺乏apoC3或apoA5分别导致血浆TG水平显着降低或升高。最近的研究表明apoC3和apoA5在血浆残余胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和肝TG代谢中也起着作用。此外，大规模的群体遗传学研究表明，APOC3和APOA5基因功能突变的丧失分别降低和增加了冠心病（CAD）的风险。该手稿主要回顾了现有证据，这些证据表明apoC3和apoA5在脂质代谢和CAD风险中的相反作用，并讨论了这两种载脂蛋白之间的潜在相关性。