The savannah tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes, are important vectors of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis and animal African trypanosomiasis in East and southern Africa. We tested in Zimbabwe whether robust, synthetic fabrics, and innovative fly's-eye-view approaches to optimise fabric colour, can improve insecticide-treated targets employed for tsetse control. Flies were caught by electrocution at a standard target comprising a 1m x 1m black cotton cloth panel with 1m x 0.5m black polyester net panels on each side. Catches were subdivided by species and sex. Tsetse catches were unaffected by substitution of the black cotton with a blue polyester produced for riverine tsetse targets. Exchanging the net panels for phthalogen blue cotton to simulate the target routinely used in Zimbabwe significantly reduced catches of female G. m. morsitans (mean catch 0.7 times that at standard), with no effect on other tsetse catches. However, significantly greater proportions of the catch were intercepted at the central panel of the Zimbabwe (means 0.47-0.79) versus standard designs (0.11-0.29). We also engineered a new violet polyester cloth using models of tsetse attraction based upon fly photoreceptor responses. With and without odour lure, catches of females of both species at the violet target were significantly greater than those at standard (means 1.5-1.6 times those at standard), and typical blue polyester targets (means 0.9-1.3 times those at standard). Similar effects were observed for males under some combinations of species and odour treatment. The proportions of catch intercepted at the central panel of the violet target (means 0.08-0.18) were intermediate between those at standard and typical blue polyester. Further, the reflectance spectrum of violet polyester was more stable under field conditions than that of black cotton. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of photoreceptor-based models as a novel means of improving targets to control tsetse and trypanosomiases.

中文翻译：

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优化采采蝇控制的目标：鸟瞰以改善合成织物的颜色。

大草原采采蝇，Glossina morsitans morsitans和G. pallidipes是东部和南部非洲的罗得西亚人非洲锥虫病和动物非洲锥虫病的重要媒介。我们在津巴布韦测试了坚固，合成的织物以及创新的蝇眼方法是否可以优化织物的颜色，是否可以改善用于控制采采蝇的杀虫剂处理目标。通过电击将苍蝇捕获到一个标准目标上，该目标包括一块1m x 1m黑色的棉布面板，每侧都有1m x 0.5m的黑色聚酯网面板。捕获物按物种和性别进行细分。采采蝇的捕获量不受用河棉采采蝇靶产生的蓝色聚酯替代黑色棉的影响。将网板更换为酞菁蓝棉，以模拟津巴布韦常规使用的目标，这大大减少了雌性G. m的捕获量。morsitans（平均捕获量是标准水平的0.7倍），对其他采采蝇的捕获量无影响。然而，与标准设计（0.11-0.29）相比，在津巴布韦中部截获的渔获物比例要大得多（平均值为0.47-0.79）。我们还根据蝇感光器的响应，使用采采蝇吸引模型设计了一种新型的紫罗兰色聚酯布。在有和没有气味诱饵的情况下，紫罗兰色靶标上两种物种的雌性捕捞量均显着高于标准捕捞量（平均值是标准捕捞量的1.5-1.6倍）和典型的蓝色聚酯靶标（均值是标准捕集率的0.9-1.3倍）。在物种和气味处理的某些组合下，对雄性观察到类似的效果。在紫色目标中心面板处截获的渔获物比例（平均值为0.08-0.18）介于标准聚酯和典型的蓝色聚酯之间。此外，紫色聚酯的反射光谱在野外条件下比黑棉更稳定。我们的结果证明了基于感光细胞的模型作为改善靶点控制采采蝇和锥虫酶的一种新颖手段的有效性。