A three-dimensional (3D) parallel process model simulating ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs) has been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It explicitly describes the layered burden and cohesive zone (CZ), gas and liquid re-distribution near raceways, trickling liquid flow in the CZ and dripping zone, and stockline variation. The applicability of the model is confirmed by the reasonable agreement between predicted and measured in-furnace states and global performance under experimental and industrial conditions. Using this model, the 3D characteristics of in-furnace states for a 5000 m 3 commercial BF with 40 tuyeres are revealed. Also, it is used to assess the commonly used slot, axisymmetric, sector and full 3D models, which may treat burden distribution as well as gas and liquid flows around raceways differently. The results reveal that the sector and full 3D models are nearly the same; the slot model over-predicts the coke rate up to 13 kg/tHM, and the axisymmetric model gives slightly higher productivity and liquid temperature. These differences are clarified by analyzing model simplifications and their impacts on in-furnace states.

中文翻译：

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层状粘结区炼铁高炉的三维建模

已经使用计算流体动力学 (CFD) 开发了模拟炼铁高炉 (BF) 的三维 (3D) 并行工艺模型。它明确地描述了分层的炉料和粘结区 (CZ)、靠近管道的气体和液体的重新分布、CZ 和滴水区中的滴流液体流以及储存线变化。该模型的适用性通过预测和测量的炉内状态与实验和工业条件下的整体性能之间的合理一致性得到证实。使用该模型，可以显示具有 40 个风口的 5000 m 3 商业高炉的炉内状态的 3D 特征。此外，它还用于评估常用的槽、轴对称、扇形和全 3D 模型，这些模型可以不同地处理炉料分布以及管道周围的气体和液体流动。结果表明，扇形和全 3D 模型几乎相同；狭缝模型高估了焦炭率，最高可达 13 kg/tHM，而轴对称模型给出的生产率和液体温度略高。通过分析模型简化及其对炉内状态的影响，可以澄清这些差异。