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Swift evolutionary response of microbes to a rise in anthropogenic mercury in the Northern Hemisphere.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0563-0
Matti O Ruuskanen 1 , Stéphane Aris-Brosou 1, 2 , Alexandre J Poulain 1
Affiliation  

Anthropogenic mercury remobilization has considerably increased since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s. The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a United Nations treaty (2017) aiming at curbing mercury emissions. Unfortunately, evaluating the effectiveness of such a global treaty is hampered by our inability to determine the lag in aquatic ecosystem responses to a change in atmospheric mercury deposition. Whereas past metal concentrations are obtained from core samples, there are currently no means of tracking historical metal bioavailability or toxicity. Here, we recovered DNA from nine dated sediment cores collected in Canada and Finland, and reconstructed the past demographics of microbes carrying genes coding for the mercuric reductase (MerA)-an enzyme involved in Hg detoxification-using Bayesian relaxed molecular clocks. We found that the evolutionary dynamics of merA exhibited a dramatic increase in effective population size starting from 1783.8 ± 3.9 CE, which coincides with both the Industrial Revolution, and with independent measurements of atmospheric Hg concentrations. We show that even low levels of anthropogenic mercury affected the evolutionary trajectory of microbes in the Northern Hemisphere, and that microbial DNA encoding for detoxification determinants stored in environmental archives can be used to track historical pollutant toxicity.

中文翻译:

微生物对北半球人为汞上升的快速进化反应。

自 1700 年代后期的工业革命以来,人为汞的再迁移已大大增加。《关于汞的水俣公约》是一项旨在遏制汞排放的联合国条约(2017 年)。不幸的是,我们无法确定水生生态系统对大气汞沉积变化的反应滞后,这阻碍了评估这样一项全球条约的有效性。虽然过去的金属浓度是从核心样品中获得的,但目前还没有追踪历史金属生物利用度或毒性的方法。在这里,我们从加拿大和芬兰收集的九个年代久远的沉积物核心中恢复了 DNA,并使用贝叶斯松弛分子钟重建了携带汞还原酶 (MerA) 基因编码的微生物的过去人口统计数据。汞还原酶是一种参与汞解毒的酶。我们发现,从公元 1783.8 ± 3.9 年开始,merA 的进化动态显示出有效种群规模的显着增加,这与工业革命和大气汞浓度的独立测量相吻合。我们表明,即使是低水平的人为汞也会影响北半球微生物的进化轨迹,并且存储在环境档案中的用于解毒决定因素的微生物 DNA 编码可用于追踪历史污染物毒性。
更新日期:2020-01-17
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