Bottom trawling accounts for almost one quarter of global fish landings but may also have significant and unwanted impacts on seabed habitats and biota. Management measures and voluntary industry actions can reduce these impacts, helping to meet sustainability objectives for fisheries, conservation and environmental management. These include changes in gear design and operation of trawls, spatial controls, impact quotas and effort controls. We review nine different measures and actions and use published studies and a simple conceptual model to evaluate and compare their performance. The risks and benefits of these management measures depend on the extent to which the fishery is already achieving management objectives for target stocks and the characteristics of the management system that is already in place. We offer guidance on identifying best practices for trawl-fisheries management and show that best practices and their likelihood of reducing trawling impacts depend on local, national and regional management objectives and priorities, societal values and resources for implementation. There is no universal best practice, and multiple management measures and industry actions are required to meet sustainability objectives and improve trade-offs between food production and environmental protection.

中文翻译：

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选择最佳做法来管理拖网捕捞对海底栖息地和生物群的影响

底拖网捕捞占全球鱼类上岸量的近四分之一，但也可能对海底栖息地和生物群产生重大和不利的影响。管理措施和自愿性行业行动可以减少这些影响，有助于实现渔业、保护和环境管理的可持续性目标。其中包括渔具设计和拖网操作的变化、空间控制、影响配额和努力控制。我们回顾了九种不同的措施和行动，并使用已发表的研究和一个简单的概念模型来评估和比较它们的表现。这些管理措施的风险和收益取决于渔业已经实现目标种群管理目标的程度以及已经到位的管理系统的特征。我们为确定拖网渔业管理的最佳做法提供指导，并表明最佳做法及其减少拖网影响的可能性取决于地方、国家和区域管理目标和优先事项、社会价值观和实施资源。没有通用的最佳实践，需要采取多种管理措施和行业行动来实现可持续性目标并改善食品生产与环境保护之间的权衡。