Sex chromosome dosage (SCD) variation increases risk for neuropsychiatric impairment, which may reflect direct SCD effects on brain organization. Here, we 1) map cumulative X- and Y-chromosome dosage effects on regional cortical thickness (CT) and investigate potential functional implications of these effects using Neurosynth, 2) test if this map is organized by patterns of CT covariance that are evident in health, and 3) characterize SCD effects on CT covariance itself. We modeled SCD effects on CT and CT covariance for 308 equally sized regions of the cortical sheet using structural neuroimaging data from 301 individuals with varying numbers of sex chromosomes (169 euploid, 132 aneuploid). Mounting SCD increased CT in the rostral frontal cortex and decreased CT in the lateral temporal cortex, bilaterally. Regions targeted by SCD were associated with social functioning, language processing, and comprehension. Cortical regions with a similar degree of SCD-sensitivity showed heightened CT covariance in health. Finally, greater SCD also increased covariance among regions similarly affected by SCD. Our study both 1) develops novel methods for comparing typical and disease-related structural covariance networks in the brain and 2) uses these techniques to resolve and identify organizing principles for SCD effects on regional cortical anatomy and anatomical covariance.

中文翻译：

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改变性染色体剂量引起皮质解剖学和解剖学协方差的协调变化。

性染色体剂量 (SCD) 变异会增加神经精神障碍的风险，这可能反映了 SCD 对大脑组织的直接影响。在这里，我们 1) 绘制累积的 X 和 Y 染色体剂量效应对区域皮质厚度 (CT) 的影响，并使用 Neurosynth 研究这些效应的潜在功能影响，2) 测试该图是否由 CT 协方差模式组织，这些模式在健康，以及 3) 表征 SCD 对 CT 协方差本身的影响。我们使用来自具有不同数量性染色体（169 个整倍体，132 个非整倍体）的 301 个个体的结构神经影像数据模拟了 SCD 对 CT 和 CT 协方差的影响，用于皮质片的 308 个相同大小的区域。安装 SCD 增加了双侧额叶皮质的 CT，降低了外侧颞叶皮质的 CT。SCD 的目标区域与社会功能、语言处理和理解相关。具有相似程度的 SCD 敏感性的皮质区域在健康方面表现出更高的 CT 协方差。最后，更大的 SCD 也增加了受 SCD 影响的区域之间的协方差。我们的研究 1) 开发了比较大脑中典型和疾病相关结构协方差网络的新方法，2) 使用这些技术来解决和确定 SCD 对区域皮质解剖学和解剖学协方差的影响的组织原则。