BACKGROUND Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (Mmm) is an important disease of cattle that causes serious economic losses. With the known effectiveness of new generation macrolides, tulathromycin and gamithromycin were assessed in comparison with oxytetracycline as a positive control and saline as a negative control for effectiveness in inhibiting lung lesion development, promoting resolution, preventing spread and bacteriological clearance in susceptible local cattle breeds in two separate studies in Kenya and Zambia. Animals were monitored for clinical signs, sero-conversion as well as detailed post-mortem examination for CBPP lesions. RESULTS Using the Hudson and Turner score for lesion type and size, tulathromycin protected 90%, gamithromycin 80%, and oxytetracycline 88% of treated animals in Kenya. In Zambia, all animals (100%) treated with macrolides were free of lung lesions, while oxytetracycline protected 77.5%. Using the mean adapted Hudson and Turner score, which includes clinical signs, post-mortem findings and serology, tulathromycin protected 82%, gamithromycin 56% and oxytetracycline 80% of the animals in Kenya whereas in Zambia, tulathromycin protected 98%, gamithromycin 94% and oxytetracycline 80%. The saline-treated groups had 93 and 92% lesions in Kenya and Zambia respectively, with Mmm recovered from 5/14 in Kenya and 10/13 animals in Zambia. Whereas the groups treated with macrolides were free from lesions in Zambia, in Kenya 5/15 tulathromycin-treated animals and 6/15 gamithromycin-treated animals showed lesions. Oxytetracycline-treated animals showed similarities with 3/14 and 4/15 showing lesions in Zambia and Kenya respectively and Mmm recovery from one animal in Kenya and six in Zambia. In both studies, lesion scores of saline-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the antibiotic treated groups (p < 0.001). In sentinel animals, CBPP lesions were detected and Mmm recovered from one and two animals mixed with the saline-treated groups in Kenya and Zambia respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that tulathromycin, a mycoplasmacidal, can achieve metaphylactic protection of up to 80%, while non-recovery of Mmm from sentinels suggests macrolides effectiveness in preventing spread of Mmm. It is recommended that further studies are conducted to evaluate strategies comparing vaccination alone or combining vaccination and antibiotics to control or eradicate CBPP.

中文翻译：

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在实验性感染支原体亚种的牛中评估新一代大环内酯类药物在牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）的治疗和预防中的作用。

背景技术由支原体支原体亚种支原体（Mmm）引起的牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）是引起重要经济损失的重要的牛疾病。以已知的新一代大环内酯类药物的有效性，与土霉素相比，评估了土拉霉素和加米霉素作为阳性对照，而在阴性对照中用盐水作为阴性对照，可以有效地抑制易感本地牛品种中肺部病变的发展，促进分辨率，防止扩散和细菌清除。在肯尼亚和赞比亚进行了两项单独的研究。监测动物的临床体征，血清转化以及CBPP病变的详细死后检查。结果：根据Hudson和Turner评分确定的病变类型和大小，图拉霉素可保护90％，加米霉素80％，和土霉素88％的动物在肯尼亚接受治疗。在赞比亚，所有接受大环内酯类药物治疗的动物（100％）均无肺部病变，而土霉素则保护了77.5％。使用适应症的平均Hudson和Turner得分（包括临床体征，验尸结果和血清学），图拉霉素保护了肯尼亚的82％，加米霉素56％和土霉素80％，而在赞比亚，图拉霉素保护了98％，加霉素94％和土霉素80％。生理盐水治疗组在肯尼亚和赞比亚分别有93％和92％的病灶，Mmm从肯尼亚的5/14和赞比亚的10/13动物中恢复。大环内酯类药物治疗的组在赞比亚没有病灶，而在肯尼亚，用5/15土霉素治疗的动物和用6/15加米霉素治疗的动物显示出病灶。土霉素处理的动物分别与3/14和4/15相似，分别在赞比亚和肯尼亚显示出病灶，而从mmmm回收率从肯尼亚的一只动物和赞比亚的六只动物恢复。在两项研究中，盐水治疗组的病变评分均显着高于抗生素治疗组（p <0.001）。在前哨动物中，分别在肯尼亚和赞比亚发现了CBPP病变，并从分别与盐水处理组混合的一只和两只动物中发现了Mmm。结论这项研究表明，支原体酸性的妥拉霉素可以达到高达80％的代谢保护作用，而从前哨中未回收Mmm则表明大环内酯类药物在预防Mmm扩散方面是有效的。