BACKGROUND During pregnancy, a variety of factors can influence fetal growth and development. Intrauterine growth may impact on later life and health. Neonatal body composition may be a more sensitive marker for the intrauterine environment than established anthropometric parameters at birth. METHODS To study neonatal body composition determined by air displacement plethysmography in healthy, term singletons as national reference data, and to establish factors impacting on neonatal body composition in this population. This prospective cross-sectional observational study included 271 healthy, full-term, singletons born between June 2014 and July 2015. Body composition was measured within 96 h of birth using air displacement plethysmography. RESULTS Median (Q1, Q2) fat mass / total body mass (BF%) in German singletons was 10.8% (7.7-13.4) and fat free mass (FFM) 2843 g (2606-3099). Female infants had significantly increased BF% compared to male infants (11.2% (8.7-14.0) vs. 9.6% (7.2-12.1)). On multiple regression analysis, BF% and fat mass increased with female gender, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, non-smoking mother and parity, whereas FFM increased with male gender and increasing gestational age at birth. Gestational weight gain category, birth mode, and postnatal age at measurement were not associated with BF%, FFM or fat mass. CONCLUSIONS We generated BF% and FFM centiles for healthy, term, singletons born in Germany; these are similar to those found in other European countries. Infant body composition at birth was associated with modifiable (pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking), and given factors (gender, gestational age at birth, parity).

中文翻译：

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新生儿的身体成分：德国健康人单身的横断面研究。

背景技术在怀孕期间，多种因素可以影响胎儿的生长发育。宫内生长可能会影响以后的生活和健康。与出生时确定的人体测量学参数相比，新生儿的身体成分对子宫内环境可能是更敏感的标记。方法研究以空气体积体积描记法测定健康的新生儿身体成分，以单身人士为国家参考数据，并建立影响该人群新生儿身体成分的因素。这项前瞻性横断面观察研究包括2014年6月至2015年7月之间出生的271例健康，足月的单身人士。使用空气体积体积描记法对出生后96小时内的身体成分进行了测量。结果德国单身人士的中位数（Q1，Q2）脂肪质量/总体重（BF％）为10.8％（7.7-13。4）和2843克（2606-3099）的无脂脂肪（FFM）。与男婴相比，女婴的BF％显着增加（11.2％（8.7-14.0）对9.6％（7.2-12.1））。在多元回归分析中，BF％和脂肪量随着女性，孕前孕妇体重指数，不吸烟的母亲和同等性别而增加，而FFM随着男性和出生时胎龄的增加而增加。妊娠期体重增加类别，出生方式和测量时的出生年龄与BF％，FFM或脂肪量无关。结论我们为在德国出生的健康，足月单身人士生成了BF％和FFM百分数。这些与其他欧洲国家/地区的相似。婴儿出生时的身体成分与可修改的（怀孕前的体重指数，吸烟）和给定的因素（性别，出生时的胎龄，胎次）相关。