STING signaling and host defense against microbial infection.,Experimental & Molecular Medicine

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STING signaling and host defense against microbial infection.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ( IF 9.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-11 , DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0333-0
Jeonghyun Ahn ₁ , Glen N Barber ₁

Affiliation

The first line of host defense against infectious agents involves activation of innate immune signaling pathways that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Key triggers of innate immune signaling are now known to include microbial-specific nucleic acid, which is rapidly detected in the cytosol of the cell. For example, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) have evolved to detect viral RNA species and to activate the production of host defense molecules and cytokines that stimulate adaptive immune responses. In addition, host defense countermeasures, including the production of type I interferons (IFNs), can also be triggered by microbial DNA from bacteria, viruses and perhaps parasites and are regulated by the cytosolic sensor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING). STING-dependent signaling is initiated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) generated by intracellular bacteria following infection. CDNs can also be synthesized by a cellular synthase, cGAS, following interaction with invasive cytosolic self-DNA or microbial DNA species. The importance of STING signaling in host defense is evident since numerous pathogens have developed strategies to prevent STING function. Here, we review the relevance of STING-controlled innate immune signaling in host defense against pathogen invasion, including microbial endeavors to subvert this critical process.

中文翻译：

STING 信号传导和宿主防御微生物感染。

宿主防御感染因子的第一道防线涉及激活识别特定病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP) 的先天免疫信号通路。现在已知先天免疫信号的关键触发因素包括微生物特异性核酸，该核酸可在细胞的胞质溶胶中快速检测到。例如，RIG-I 样受体 (RLR) 已经进化为检测病毒 RNA 种类并激活宿主防御分子和刺激适应性免疫反应的细胞因子的产生。此外，宿主防御对策，包括 I 型干扰素 (IFN) 的产生，也可以由来自细菌、病毒和可能寄生虫的微生物 DNA 触发，并受细胞溶质传感器、干扰素基因刺激物 (STING) 的调节。STING 依赖性信号传导由感染后细胞内细菌产生的环状二核苷酸 (CDN) 启动。CDN 也可以通过细胞合酶 cGAS 在与侵入性细胞溶质自身 DNA 或微生物 DNA 物种相互作用后合成。STING 信号在宿主防御中的重要性是显而易见的，因为许多病原体已经制定了阻止 STING 功能的策略。在这里，我们回顾了 STING 控制的先天免疫信号在宿主防御病原体入侵中的相关性，包括微生物破坏这一关键过程的努力。STING 信号在宿主防御中的重要性是显而易见的，因为许多病原体已经制定了阻止 STING 功能的策略。在这里，我们回顾了 STING 控制的先天免疫信号在宿主防御病原体入侵中的相关性，包括微生物破坏这一关键过程的努力。STING 信号在宿主防御中的重要性是显而易见的，因为许多病原体已经制定了阻止 STING 功能的策略。在这里，我们回顾了 STING 控制的先天免疫信号在宿主防御病原体入侵中的相关性，包括微生物破坏这一关键过程的努力。

更新日期：2019-12-11

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