The dramatic event of the Grenfell Tower (June 2017), involving a combustible façade system, has raised concerns regarding the fire risk that these systems address. Indeed, as façades are complex systems, it is not straightforward to assess which part of the system is involved in the global fire behaviour. Understanding such façade fires is thus very complex as it depends on a combination of various products and system characteristics, including window frames or air gap or cavity barriers. Fire development inside the initial apartment was investigated using an appropriate CFD model with different scenarios for the fire source and ventilation conditions in a previous study. Fire propagation through the window to the external façade and to higher apartments was modelled and validated against visual observations. This paper describes CFD modelling of the complete Grenfell tower facade, and investigates vertical fire spread behaviour over the full height façade from the initial apartment. Contributions from the combustion of all the apartments' furniture, depending on window failure, and architectural details of the refurbished façade are considered in the numerical model. The modelling results are validated by comparison with photographic and video observations of the real fire.

中文翻译：

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格伦费尔大厦火灾的重建。第3部分—格林菲尔铁塔灾难的数值模拟：有助于理解垂直火势蔓延期间的火势蔓延和行为

格林费尔塔（Grenfell Tower）的戏剧性事件（2017年6月）涉及可燃立面系统，引起了人们对这些系统解决的火灾隐患的担忧。的确，由于幕墙是复杂的系统，因此要评估系统的哪一部分参与了全球火灾行为并非易事。因此，了解这种立面火灾非常复杂，因为它取决于各种产品和系统特性（包括窗框或气隙或空腔屏障）的组合。在先前的研究中，使用适当的CFD模型对初始公寓内的火灾发展进行了研究，并针对火源和通风条件采用了不同的方案。模拟了通过窗户到外部立面和高层公寓的火势蔓延，并根据视觉观察进行了验证。本文描述了完整的Grenfell塔立面的CFD建模，并研究了从初始公寓起在整个高度立面上的垂直火焰蔓延行为。在数值模型中考虑了所有公寓家具燃烧所造成的影响，具体取决于窗户的破损情况以及翻新立面的建筑细节。通过与真实火灾的摄影和视频观察结果进行比较，可以验证建模结果。