Implant debris generated by wear and corrosion is a prominent cause of joint replacement failure. This study utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIR‐I) to gain a better understanding of the chemical structure of implant debris and its impact on the surrounding biological environment. Therefore, retrieved joint capsule tissue from five total hip replacement patients was analyzed. All five cases presented different implant designs and histopathological patterns. All tissue samples were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded. Unstained, 5 μm thick sections were prepared. The unstained sections were placed on BaF₂ windows and deparaffinized with xylene prior to analysis. FTIR‐I data were collected at a spectral resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ using an Agilent Cary 670 spectrometer coupled with Cary 620 FTIR microscope. The results of study demonstrated that FTIR‐I is a powerful tool that can be used complimentary to the existing histopathological evaluation of tissue. FTIR‐I was able to distinguish areas with different cell types (macrophages, lymphocytes). Small, but distinct differences could be detected depending on the state of cells (viable, necrotic) and depending on what type of debris was present (polyethylene [PE], suture material, and metal oxides). Although, metal oxides were mainly below the measurable range of FTIR‐I, the infrared spectra of tissues exhibited noticeable difference in their presence. Tens of micrometer sized polyethylene particles could be easily imaged, but also accumulations of submicron particles could be detected within macrophages. FTIR‐I was also able to distinguish between PE debris, and other birefringent materials such as suture. Chromium‐phosphate particles originating from corrosion processes within modular taper junctions of hip implants could be identified and easily distinguished from other phosphorous materials such as bone. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrated that FTIR‐I is a useful tool that can image and determine the biochemical information of retrieved tissue samples over tens of square millimeters in a completely label free, nondestructive, and objective manner. The resulting chemical images provide a deeper understanding of the chemical nature of implant debris and their impact on chemical changes of the tissue within which they are embedded.

中文翻译：

---

全髋关节置换患者关节囊组织内磨损和腐蚀产物的傅里叶变换红外光谱成像。

磨损和腐蚀产生的植入物碎屑是关节置换失败的主要原因。本研究利用傅里叶变换红外光谱成像 (FTIR-I) 来更好地了解植入物碎片的化学结构及其对周围生物环境的影响。因此，分析了从五名全髋关节置换患者中取出的关节囊组织。所有五个病例均呈现不同的种植体设计和组织病理学模式。所有组织样本均经福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋。制备未染色的 5 μm 厚切片。未染色的切片置于 BaF ₂窗片上并在分析前用二甲苯脱蜡。FTIR-I 数据以 4 cm ^-1的光谱分辨率收集使用安捷伦 Cary 670 光谱仪和 Cary 620 FTIR 显微镜。研究结果表明，FTIR-I 是一种强大的工具，可以补充现有的组织病理学评估。FTIR-I 能够区分具有不同细胞类型（巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞）的区域。根据细胞的状态（存活、坏死）和存在的碎片类型（聚乙烯 [PE]、缝合材料和金属氧化物），可以检测到微小但明显的差异。尽管金属氧化物主要低于 FTIR-I 的可测量范围，但组织的红外光谱在它们的存在下表现出明显的差异。数十微米大小的聚乙烯颗粒可以很容易地成像，但也可以在巨噬细胞内检测到亚微米颗粒的积累。FTIR-I 还能够区分 PE 碎片和其他双折射材料，例如缝合线。可以识别出源自髋关节植入物模块化锥形连接内腐蚀过程的磷酸铬颗粒，并很容易将其与其他磷材料（如骨骼）区分开来。总之，这项研究成功地证明了 FTIR-I 是一种有用的工具，可以以完全无标记、无损和客观的方式对检索到的组织样本的生化信息进行成像和确定超过数十平方毫米。由此产生的化学图像可以更深入地了解植入物碎片的化学性质及其对嵌入它们的组织的化学变化的影响。可以识别出源自髋关节植入物模块化锥形连接内腐蚀过程的磷酸铬颗粒，并很容易将其与其他磷材料（如骨骼）区分开来。总之，这项研究成功地证明了 FTIR-I 是一种有用的工具，可以以完全无标记、无损和客观的方式对检索到的组织样本的生化信息进行成像和确定超过数十平方毫米。由此产生的化学图像可以更深入地了解植入物碎片的化学性质及其对嵌入它们的组织的化学变化的影响。可以识别出源自髋关节植入物模块化锥形连接内腐蚀过程的磷酸铬颗粒，并很容易将其与其他磷材料（如骨骼）区分开来。总之，这项研究成功地证明了 FTIR-I 是一种有用的工具，可以以完全无标记、无损和客观的方式对检索到的组织样本的生化信息进行成像和确定超过数十平方毫米。由此产生的化学图像可以更深入地了解植入物碎片的化学性质及其对嵌入它们的组织的化学变化的影响。这项研究成功地证明了 FTIR-I 是一种有用的工具，可以以完全无标记、无损和客观的方式对检索到的组织样本的生化信息进行成像和确定超过数十平方毫米。由此产生的化学图像可以更深入地了解植入物碎片的化学性质及其对嵌入它们的组织的化学变化的影响。这项研究成功地证明了 FTIR-I 是一种有用的工具，可以以完全无标记、无损和客观的方式对检索到的组织样本的生化信息进行成像和确定超过数十平方毫米。由此产生的化学图像可以更深入地了解植入物碎片的化学性质及其对嵌入它们的组织的化学变化的影响。