Biofilms are matrices synthesized by bacteria containing polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins. The development of biofilms in infectious processes can induce a chronic inflammatory response that may progress to the destruction of tissues. The treatment of biofilms is difficult because they serve as a bacterial mechanism of defense and high doses of antibiotics are necessary to treat these infections with limited positive results. It has been demonstrated that photothermal therapy using gold nanorods (AuNRs) is an attractive treatment because of its anti‐biofilm activity. The purpose of this work was to generate a novel chitosan‐based hydrogel embedded with AuNRs to evaluate its anti‐biofilm activity. AuNRs were synthesized by the seed‐mediated growth method and mixed with the chitosan‐based hydrogel. Hydrogels were characterized and tested against two bacterial strains by irradiating the produced biofilm in the presence of the nanoformulation with a laser adjusted at the near infrared spectrum. In addition, the safety of the nanoformulation was assessed with normal human gingival fibroblasts. Results showed that a significant bacterial killing was measured when biofilms were exposed to an increase of 10°C for a short time of 2 min. Moreover, no cytotoxicity was measured when normal gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the nanoformulation using the bactericidal conditions. The development of the reported formulation can be used as a direct application to treat periodontal diseases or biofilm‐produced bacteria that colonize the oral cavity.

中文翻译：

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使用金纳米棒水凝胶通过光热疗法有效控制生物膜。

生物膜是由含有多糖、DNA 和蛋白质的细菌合成的基质。感染过程中生物膜的形成可诱发慢性炎症反应，进而导致组织破坏。生物膜的治疗很困难，因为它们是细菌的防御机制，并且需要高剂量的抗生素来治疗这些感染，但阳性结果有限。已经证明，使用金纳米棒（AuNRs）的光热疗法是一种有吸引力的治疗方法，因为它具有抗生物膜活性。这项工作的目的是产生一种嵌入 AuNRs 的新型壳聚糖基水凝胶，以评估其抗生物膜活性。AuNRs是通过种子介导的生长方法合成的，并与壳聚糖基水凝胶混合。通过在纳米制剂的存在下用近红外光谱调整的激光照射产生的生物膜，对水凝胶进行表征并针对两种细菌菌株进行测试。此外，还用正常人牙龈成纤维细胞评估了纳米制剂的安全性。结果表明，当生物膜暴露在升高 10°C 下 2 分钟的短时间时，测量到了显着的细菌杀灭。此外，当正常牙龈成纤维细胞暴露于使用杀菌条件的纳米制剂时，没有测量到细胞毒性。所报告制剂的开发可用作治疗牙周病或定植口腔的生物膜产生的细菌的直接应用。