The question how bioactive glasses (BGs) influence the viability and osteogenic differentiation of human osteogenic cells has already been addressed by several studies. However, a literature review revealed great differences in the type of cells used for these experiments. Primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) represent the desired standard, but possess the limitation of patient variability and time‐consuming isolation protocols. Therefore, several alternative cell types have been used including primary mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and the “osteoblast‐like” cell lines MG‐63, Saos‐2, HOS, and U2OS. The aim of our study was the identification of the cell type most suitable for tissue engineering projects involving BGs by comparative analysis of cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in response to crystallized 45S5‐BG. We observed that hOBs, BMSCs, and MG‐63 cells were resistant to 45S5‐BG induced cytotoxicity, while the viability of Saos‐2, HOS, and U2OS cells was significantly reduced. In addition, we detected alkaline phosphatase activity, except in U2OS cells, that increased upon 45S5‐BG cocultivation, demonstrating the induction of osteogenic differentiation. Our data and the fact that the donor‐dependent variations can be avoided when using MG‐63 cells suggest that these are a promising alternative to primary cells and remain an important cell line for future BG related studies.

中文翻译：

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原代成骨细胞、成骨细胞前体细胞或成骨细胞样细胞系：哪些人类细胞类型（最）适合表征 45S5 生物活性玻璃？

一些研究已经解决了生物活性玻璃 (BG) 如何影响人类成骨细胞的活力和成骨分化的问题。然而，文献综述显示用于这些实验的细胞类型存在很大差异。原代人类成骨细胞 (hOB) 代表了所需的标准，但具有患者变异性和耗时的隔离协议的限制。因此，已经使用了几种替代细胞类型，包括原代间充质基质细胞 (BMSC) 和“成骨细胞样”细胞系 MG-63、Saos-2、HOS 和 U2OS。我们研究的目的是通过比较分析细胞活力和成骨分化对结晶 45S5-BG 的反应，确定最适合涉及 BG 的组织工程项目的细胞类型。我们观察到 hOB，BMSCs 和 MG-63 细胞对 45S5-BG 诱导的细胞毒性具有抗性，而 Saos-2、HOS 和 U2OS 细胞的活力显着降低。此外，我们检测到除 U2OS 细胞外的碱性磷酸酶活性在 45S5-BG 共培养时增加，证明诱导成骨分化。我们的数据和使用 MG-63 细胞时可以避免供体依赖性变异的事实表明，这些是原代细胞的有前途的替代品，并且仍然是未来 BG 相关研究的重要细胞系。证明诱导成骨分化。我们的数据和使用 MG-63 细胞时可以避免供体依赖性变异的事实表明，这些是原代细胞的有前途的替代品，并且仍然是未来 BG 相关研究的重要细胞系。证明诱导成骨分化。我们的数据和使用 MG-63 细胞时可以避免供体依赖性变异的事实表明，这些是原代细胞的有前途的替代品，并且仍然是未来 BG 相关研究的重要细胞系。