Driven by many actors, the issue of energy decentralization has reappeared on the French political agenda. Celebrated in the past for its capacity to modernize and electrify territories, the centralized model now appears in crisis and is disputed for its inability to meet the new challenges of energy transition. On the contrary, local authorities are put forward, given the strengths they may have, in terms of knowledge of territories, proximity to citizens or synergy. Symbolizing this growing interest, the reference to “territories”, to “local authorities”, to “decentralization” has now become unavoidable in legal texts, giving rise to an abundant academic literature.

There is a significant gap, in France, between this new rhetoric and the institutional reality, and the centralized model remains firmly established. We propose to explain this permanence by using a multilevel analysis approach mobilizing the concept of “policy networks”. We first draw a mapping of the different forces involved in the issue of energy decentralization, highlighting ideas and interests they defend, as well as the resources they can mobilize. In a second part, we show how these different networks have shaped an institutional framework in which the role of local authorities remains highly controlled. In the energy industry sector, it is essentially reduced to the distribution segment. In other areas where energy is involved (housing, urban and regional planning, etc.), this role is more important, since local authorities are more perceived as allies by centralizing forces, able to territorialise the energy policy objectives they defend.

在许多参与者的推动下，能源分权问题再次出现在法国的政治议程中。过去因其实现领土现代化和电气化的能力而受到赞誉，如今这种集中化模式正处于危机之中，并且因无法应对能源转型的新挑战而备受争议。相反，鉴于其在领土知识，与公民的亲近或协同作用方面可能具有的优势，因此提出了地方当局的建议。象征着这种日益增长的兴趣的是，法律文本中已经不可避免地提及“领土”，“地方当局”，“权力下放”，从而产生了丰富的学术文献。

在法国，这种新的言论与制度现实之间存在着巨大的差距，而集中式的模式仍然牢固地建立起来。我们建议通过动员“政策网络”概念的多层次分析方法来解释这种持久性。我们首先绘制一个涉及能源权力下放问题的不同力量的图表，重点介绍他们捍卫的思想和利益，以及他们可以动员的资源。在第二部分中，我们将展示这些不同的网络如何形成制度框架，在该框架中地方当局的角色仍然受到高度控制。在能源行业中，它基本上减少到了分销领域。在涉及能源的其他领域（住房，城市和区域规划等）中，这一作用更为重要，