Combined structure of anodic TiO₂ nanotubes and TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiNTs-TiNPs) has been synthesized by a facile combination of hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition methods. Ordered TiO₂ nanotubes with smooth walls were fabricated by two step anodization method in ethylene glycol containing NH₄F at 50 V. This nanotubular array after annealing at 450 °C was subjected to the hydrothermally produced gaseous environment in an autoclave with diluted TiCl₄ solution at its bottom. Vapors of TiCl₄ were allowed to react chemically with water vapors for predefined time durations at 180 °C that resulted in the deposition of TiO₂ nanoparticles on tubes’ surface and side walls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that for one hour reaction duration, nanoparticles were evenly coated on the walls of nanotubes, whereas, longer durations tend to deteriorate the tubular structure. Consequently, the ordered TiNTs-TiNPs array produced after one hour coating has shown better performance for dye-sensitized solar cell DSSC) in back illumination mode with 130% increase in efficiency as compared to the device based on bare TiO₂ nanotubes. The same photoanode has higher reflective properties with higher scattering ability. The solar cell based on this photoanode exhibits higher external quantum efficiency and effective charge transport properties. This study shows that porous ordered 1D structures based on TiO₂ are of crucial importance for the high performance of DSSCs.

通过水热和化学气相沉积方法的简便组合，合成了阳极TiO ₂纳米管和TiO ₂纳米颗粒（TiNTs-TiNPs）的组合结构。在50 V含NH ₄ F的乙二醇中，通过两步阳极氧化法，制备了具有光滑壁的有序TiO ₂纳米管。在450°C退火后，将该纳米管阵列置于高压釜中，用稀释的TiCl ₄溶液进行水热产生的气体环境。在它的底部。使TiCl ₄蒸气与水蒸气在预定的持续时间内在180°C下发生化学反应，从而导致TiO ₂沉积管表面和侧壁上的纳米颗粒。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实，在一小时的反应持续时间内，纳米颗粒均匀地涂覆在纳米管的壁上，而较长的持续时间倾向于使管状结构劣化。因此，与基于裸TiO ₂的器件相比，涂覆一小时后生产的有序TiNTs-TiNPs阵列在背照模式下对染料敏化太阳能电池DSSC具有更好的性能，效率提高了130％。纳米管。相同的光电阳极具有较高的反射特性和较高的散射能力。基于该光电阳极的太阳能电池表现出更高的外部量子效率和有效的电荷传输性能。这项研究表明，基于TiO _2的多孔有序一维结构对于DSSC的高性能至关重要。