Nanodiamonds are novel nanosized carbon building blocks possessing varied fascinating mechanical, chemical, optical and biological properties, making them significant active moiety carriers for biomedical application. These are known as the most ‘captivating’ crystals attributed to their chemical inertness and unique properties posing them useful for variety of applications in biomedical era. Alongside, it becomes increasingly important to find, ascertain and circumvent the negative aspects associated with nanodiamonds. Surface modification or functionalization with biological molecules plays a significant role in managing the toxic behavior since nanodiamonds have tailorable surface chemistry. To take advantage of nanodiamond potential in drug delivery, focus has to be laid on its purity, surface chemistry and other considerations which may directly or indirectly affect drug adsorption on nanodiamond and drug release in biological environment. This review emphasizes on the basic properties, synthesis techniques, surface modification techniques, toxicity issues and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds. For the development of nanodiamonds as an effective dosage form, researchers are still engaged in the in-depth study of nanodiamonds and their effect on life interfaces.

纳米金刚石是新型纳米碳结构单元，具有各种令人着迷的机械、化学、光学和生物特性，使其成为生物医学应用的重要活性部分载体。这些被称为最“迷人”的晶体，归因于它们的化学惰性和独特的性质，使它们可用于生物医学时代的各种应用。此外，发现、确定和规避与纳米金刚石相关的负面影响也变得越来越重要。由于纳米金刚石具有可定制的表面化学性质，因此生物分子的表面改性或功能化在控制毒性行为方面发挥着重要作用。为了利用纳米金刚石在药物输送方面的潜力，必须重点关注其纯度、表面化学和其他可能直接或间接影响纳米金刚石上的药物吸附和生物环境中药物释放的因素。本综述重点介绍纳米金刚石的基本性质、合成技术、表面改性技术、毒性问题和生物医学应用。为了开发纳米金刚石作为一种有效的剂型，研究人员仍在从事纳米金刚石及其对生命界面影响的深入研究。