BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is one of the major protective behaviours to prevent non-communicable diseases. Positive effects of the built environment on PA are well investigated, although evidence of this association is mostly based on cross-sectional studies. The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal effects of built environment characteristics in terms of a moveability index on PA of children in their transition phase to adolescence using data of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. METHODS We used data on 3394 accelerometer measurements of 2488 children and adolescents aged 3 to 15 years old from survey centres of three countries, Germany, Italy, and Sweden, who participated in up to three surveys over 6 years. In network-dependent home neighbourhoods, a moveability index was calculated based on residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, availability of public transport and public open spaces such as green spaces and public playgrounds in order to quantify opportunities for PA of children and adolescents. Linear trajectories of light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were estimated using linear mixed models accounting for repeated measurements nested within individuals. Least squares means were estimated to quantify differences in trajectories over age. RESULTS LPA and MVPA declined annually with age by approximately 20 min/day and 2 min/day respectively. In girls, the moveability index showed a consistent significantly positive effect on MVPA ([Formula: see text] = 2.14, 95% CI: (0.11; 4.16)) for all ages, while in boys the index significantly lessened the decline in LPA with age for each year. ([Formula: see text] = 2.68, 95% CI: (0.46; 4.90)). Availability of public open spaces was more relevant for MVPA in girls and LPA in boys during childhood, whereas in adolescence, residential density and intersection density became more important. CONCLUSION Built environment characteristics are important determinants of PA and were found to have a supportive effect that ameliorates the decline in PA during the transition phase from childhood to adolescence. In childhood environmental support for leisure time PA through public open spaces was found to be the most protective factor whereas in adolescence the positive influence of street connectivity and residential density was most supportive of physical activity.

中文翻译：

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儿童的城市可移动性和体育活动：IDEFICS和I.Family队列的纵向结果。

背景技术体育锻炼（PA）是预防非传染性疾病的主要保护行为之一。尽管这种关联的证据主要基于横截面研究，但已充分研究了建筑环境对PA的正面影响。本研究旨在使用IDEFICS / I.Family队列数据，研究可动性指标对儿童PA到青春期过渡阶段的建成环境特征的纵向影响。方法我们使用了来自3个国家（德国，意大利和瑞典）的调查中心对2488名3至15岁的儿童和青少年进行3394加速度计测量的数据，这些国家在6年内参与了多达3项调查。在依赖网络的家庭社区中，根据居民密度，土地使用组合，街道连通性，公共交通的可用性以及绿色空间和公共游乐场等公共开放空间，以量化儿童和青少年的PA机会。使用线性混合模型估算轻型PA（LPA）和中度至剧烈PA（MVPA）的线性轨迹，这些模型考虑了嵌套在个体中的重复测量。估计最小二乘均值以量化随年龄变化的轨迹差异。结果随着年龄的增长，LPA和MVPA分别下降约20分钟/天和2分钟/天。在所有年龄段的女孩中，活动性指数均显示出对MVPA的持续显着积极影响（[公式：参见文字] = 2.14，95％CI：（0.11; 4.16）），而在男孩中，该指数显着降低了LPA的下降。每年的年龄。（[公式：参见文字] = 2.68，95％CI：（0.46; 4.90））。在儿童时期，公共场所的可利用性与女孩的MVPA和男孩的LPA更为相关，而在青春期，居住密度和交叉路口密度变得更为重要。结论建筑环境特征是PA的重要决定因素，并被发现具有改善从儿童期到青春期的PA下降的支持作用。在儿童时期，通过公共开放空间为休闲时间PA提供的环境支持被认为是最有保护作用的因素，而在青春期，街道连通性和居住密度的积极影响最有助于体育锻炼。居住密度和交叉路口密度变得越来越重要。结论建筑环境特征是PA的重要决定因素，并被发现具有改善从儿童期到青春期的PA下降的支持作用。在儿童时期，通过公共开放空间为休闲时间PA提供的环境支持被认为是最有保护作用的因素，而在青春期，街道连通性和居住密度的积极影响最有助于体育锻炼。居住密度和交叉路口密度变得越来越重要。结论建筑环境特征是PA的重要决定因素，并被发现具有改善从儿童期到青春期的PA下降的支持作用。在儿童时期，通过公共开放空间为休闲时间PA提供的环境支持被认为是最有保护作用的因素，而在青少年时期，街道连通性和居住密度的积极影响最有助于体育锻炼。