The Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) combined with a catalytic add-on (CAPRI, CATalytic upgrading PRocess In-situ) have been a subject of investigation since 2002. The major challenges have been catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition and low temperatures (~ 300 °C) of the mobilised hot oil flowing over the catalyst packing around the horizontal well. Tetralin has been used to suppress coke formation and also improve upgraded oil quality due to its hydrogen-donor capability. Herein, inductive heating (IH) incorporated to the horizontal production well is investigated as one means to resolve the temperature shortfall. The effect of reaction temperature on tetralin dehydrogenation and hydrogen evolution over NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst at 250–350 °C, catalyst-to-steel ball ratio (70% v/v), 18 bar and 0.75 h⁻¹ was investigated. As temperature increased from 250 to 350 °C, tetralin conversion increased from 40 to 88% while liberated hydrogen increased from 0.36 to 0.88 mol based on 0.61 mol of tetralin used. The evolved hydrogen in situ hydrogenated unreacted tetralin to trans and cis-decalins with the selectivity of cis-decalin slightly more at 250 °C while at 300–350 °C trans-decalin showed superior selectivity. With IH the catalyst bed temperature was closer to the desired temperature (300 °C) with a mean of 299.2 °C while conventional heating is 294.3 °C. This thermal advantage and the nonthermal effect from electromagnetic field under IH improved catalytic activity and reaction rate, though coke formation increased.

中文翻译：

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Tetralin作为氢源的感应加热辅助催化脱氢用于重油井下催化改性

自2002年以来，脚趾到脚跟空气注入（THAI）与催化附加剂（CAPRI，CATalytic升级PRocess原位）相结合一直是研究的主题。主要挑战是由于焦炭沉积和催化剂含量低而使催化剂失活。在水平井周围流过催化剂填料的流动热油的最高温度（〜300°C）。由于氢供体的能力，Tetralin已被用于抑制焦炭的形成并改善提质的油质。在此，作为解决温度不足的一种手段，研究了将水平加热井中的感应加热（IH）纳入其中的方法。反应温度对NiMo / Al ₂ O ₃上四氢萘脱氢和析氢的影响催化剂在250–350°C，催化剂与钢球的比率（70％v / v），18 bar和0.75 h ^{-1的条件下}进行了研究。当温度从250升至350°C时，基于所使用的0.61 mol的四氢化萘，四氢化萘转化率从40％增加至88％，而释放的氢从0.36 mol增加至0.88 mol。原位演进氢氢化未反应的四氢化萘以反式与顺式-decalins用的选择性顺-decalin稍微在250℃，同时在300〜350℃下反-十氢化萘显示出优异的选择性。使用1H时，催化剂床层温度更接近于所需温度（300°C），平均为299.2°C，而常规加热为294.3°C。尽管焦炭形成增加，但这种热优势和IH下电磁场的非热效应改善了催化活性和反应速率。