The use of composite materials reinforced by flax fibres has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years. These fibres show attractive mechanical properties but also some particularities (naturally limited length, presence of a lumen, fibres grouped in bundles in the plant, complex surface properties and composition). An analysis of the available literature indicates that the quality of the composite materials studied is not always optimal (high porosity, incomplete impregnation, heterogeneous microstructure, variable fibre orientation). This paper reviews published data on the specific nature of flax fibres with respect to manufacturing of biocomposites (defined here as polymers reinforced by natural fibres). All the important steps in the process which influence final properties are analyzed, including the plant development, retting, fibre extraction, fibre treatment, preform preparation, available manufacturing processes, the impregnation step, fibre cell wall changes during processing and fibre/matrix adhesion.

在过去的20年中，由亚麻纤维增强的复合材料的使用一直在稳步增长。这些纤维不仅具有吸引人的机械性能，而且还具有一些特殊性（自然限制的长度，管腔的存在，植物中成束捆扎的纤维，复杂的表面性能和组成）。对现有文献的分析表明，所研究的复合材料的质量并不总是最佳的（高孔隙率，不完全浸渍，微观结构不均匀，纤维取向可变）。本文回顾了有关亚麻纤维在生物复合材料（此处定义为由天然纤维增强的聚合物）制造方面的特殊性质的公开数据。分析了影响最终性能的过程中所有重要步骤，包括植物发育，re胶，