Abstract

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are considered promising post lithium-ion batteries owing to their outstanding safety, gravimetric and volumetric capacities, and cost efficiency advantages. However, one practical obstacle to their development is the lack of reliable cathode materials that can be coupled with the distinguished Al anode. To address this issue, we synthesized a S@GO composite material for use as a cathode material in AIBs. The synthesized S@GO material exhibits a rod structure with a diameter of around 100 nm. Inside these nanorods, sulfur nanoparticles with a size of around 5 nm were uniformly anchored on the graphene sheets. By taking the advantage of an introduction of graphene sheets, the capacities were significantly preserved, displaying a capacity that was more than double that of a bare S active material. In addition, a 3000-cycle long-term repeated charge/discharge measurement exhibited extremely stable capacity values with a high Coulombic efficiency of 98% at the 3000th cycle. The charge/discharge processes were clearly shown during the repeated cycling measurement at a high current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹. This work is expected to stimulate further study of elemental S used as a cathode material for high-performance AIBs.

Graphic Abstract

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抽象的

铝离子电池（AIB）由于其出色的安全性，重量和体积容量以及成本效率优势，被认为是有前途的锂离子电池。但是，阻碍其发展的一个实际障碍是缺乏可以与杰出的Al阳极结合的可靠阴极材料。为了解决这个问题，我们合成了一种S @ GO复合材料，用作AIB中的阴极材料。合成的S @ GO材料表现出直径约为100nm的棒状结构。在这些纳米棒内部，大小约为5 nm的硫纳米颗粒均匀地锚固在石墨烯片上。通过利用引入石墨烯片的优势，可以显着保留容量，显示出的容量是裸S活性材料的两倍以上。此外，3000个周期的长期重复充电/放电测量显示出非常稳定的容量值，第3000个周期的库仑效率高达98％。在1000 mA g的高电流密度下，重复循环测量过程中清楚地显示了充电/放电过程^-1。预期这项工作将激发对用作高性能AIB阴极材料的元素S的进一步研究。

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