Organophosphonates are molecules that contain a very chemically stable carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond. Microorganisms can utilize phosphonates as potential source of crucial elements for their growth, as developed several pathways to metabolize these compounds. One among these pathways is catalyzed by C-P lyase complex, which has a broad substrate specifity; therefore, it has a wide application in degradation of herbicides deposited in the environment, such as glyphosate. This multi-enzyme system accurately recognized in Escherichia coli and genetic studies have demonstrated that it is encoded by phn operon containing 14 genes (phnC-phnP). The phn operon is a member of the Pho regulon induced by phosphate starvation. Ability to degradation of phosphonates is also found in other microorganisms, especially soil and marine bacteria, that have homologous genes to those in E. coli. Despite the existence of differences in structure and composition of phn gene cluster, each of these strains contains phnGHIJKLM genes necessary in the C-P bond cleavage mechanism. The review provides a detailed description and summary of achievements on the C-P lyase enzymatic pathway over the last 50 years.

中文翻译：

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碳磷裂解酶——最先进的技术。


有机膦酸盐是含有化学性质非常稳定的碳磷 (CP) 键的分子。微生物可以利用膦酸盐作为其生长关键元素的潜在来源，因为开发了多种代谢这些化合物的途径。这些途径之一是由 CP 裂解酶复合物催化，该复合物具有广泛的底物特异性；因此，它在降解环境中沉积的除草剂（例如草甘膦）方面具有广泛的应用。这种多酶系统在大肠杆菌中被准确识别，并且遗传学研究证明它是由含有14个基因的phn操纵子（phnC-phnP）编码的。 phn 操纵子是由磷酸盐饥饿诱导的 Pho 调节子的成员。其他微生物也具有降解磷酸盐的能力，特别是土壤和海洋细菌，它们与大肠杆菌具有同源基因。尽管phn基因簇的结构和组成存在差异，但这些菌株均含有CP键裂解机制所需的phnGHIJKLM基因。该综述对过去 50 年来 CP 裂合酶途径的成就进行了详细描述和总结。