Sodium ternary layered oxides, typically NaNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ (NMC), are layered structures analogous to LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂, and have been utilized extensively in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The cathode material was successfully synthesized by a sol-gel process followed by a calcination step at 900 °C for 12 h. The triple-phase integration denoted as P2, O1 and O3 in the NMC sample was evidently revealed on XRD diagrams. The composite cathode material acted as an O3 purity phase that exhibited relatively good performance that delivered an initial capacity of 140 mAh g⁻¹ and sustained reversible capacities of nearly 110 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. The kinetics of sodium intercalation of sol-gel NMC upon reversible Na⁺ insertion/de-insertion was evaluated via galvanostatic intermittence titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The diffusion coefficients of Na⁺ deduced from the GITT curve were found to lie within a wide range, 10⁻⁹–10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹ for the charge process and 10⁻¹³–10⁻¹⁷ cm² s⁻¹ for the discharge process. This implies that the kinetics of Na⁺ extraction out of the Na_xNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ host could be much more favored than Na⁺ insertion. Additionally, the evolution of diffusion coefficient and charge transfer resistance are consistent with the complex phase transition generally observed in sodium layered oxides.

钠三元氧化物，通常为NaNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂（NMC），是类似于LiNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O _2的层状结构，并已广泛用于钠离子电池（SIB）。通过溶胶-凝胶法成功地合成了阴极材料，然后在900°C下煅烧12 h。在X射线衍射图上清楚地显示了NMC样品中表示为P2，O1和O3的三相积分。复合阴极材料充当O3纯度相，表现出相对良好的性能，可提供140 mAh g ^-1的初始容量100次循环后，可逆容量接近110 mAh g ^-1。通过恒电流间歇滴定技术（GITT）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）评估了可逆Na ⁺插入/去插入后溶胶-凝胶NMC钠插层的动力学。的Na的扩散系数⁺从GITT曲线推导出被发现谎言一个宽的范围内，10 ^-9 -10 ^-12 厘米^2个 小号^-1为充电过程和10 ^-13 -10 ^-17 厘米^2个 小号^-1为放电过程。这意味着Na ⁺的动力学从Na _x Ni _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂主体中萃取可能比Na ⁺插入更为有利。另外，扩散系数和电荷转移电阻的变化与钠层氧化物中通常观察到的复杂相变是一致的。