In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with hydrophilicity as well as preeminent mechanical strength and dye removal efficiency were fabricated by blending with three dimensional hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs). Surface chemical composition and morphology of the prepared membranes were systematically investigated by ATR-FTIR, XPS, XRD, FESEM, and EDS mapping analyses. The results verified that a large number of HAPNPs were successfully embedded on the modified membrane cross-sections. Moreover, HAPNPs content in the casting solution is an important factor that could have profound influence on the structures and performances of PVDF/HAPNPs blend membranes. The optimal membrane M2 with 2 wt% HAPNPs exhibited excellent hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical strength of 19.60 MPa, and high water flux of (2466 ± 31) Lm⁻²h⁻¹. The maximum static adsorption capacity of the optimal membrane was about 10.83 mg/g, which is 3.75 times that of the pristine PVDF membrane (2.89 mg/g). PVDF/HAPNPs membranes were not only utilized for static adsorption, but also applied to dynamic dye removal. The possible adsorption mechanism between Congo red (CR) and HAPNPs embedded on the blend membranes was firstly discussed in this work. HAPNPs interacted with CR via Lewis reaction, hydrogen bond interaction, as well as electrostatic attraction to achieve the adsorption effect. Herein, the PVDF/HAPNPs blend membranes with extraordinary hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and dye removal efficiency possess tremendous potential for practical applications of wastewater treatment.

在这项工作中，通过与三维羟基磷灰石纳米粒子（HAPNPs）混合制备了具有亲水性以及出色的机械强度和染料去除效率的聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜。通过ATR-FTIR，XPS，XRD，FESEM和EDS作图分析系统地研究了制备的膜的表面化学组成和形态。结果证明，大量的HAPNPs成功地嵌入到改性膜的横截面上。而且，流延溶液中HAPNPs的含量是可能对PVDF / HAPNPs共混膜的结构和性能产生深远影响的重要因素。具有2 wt％HAPNPs的最佳膜M2表现出优异的亲水性，出色的机械强度19.60 MPa和高水通量（2466±31）Lm^-2小时^-1。最佳膜的最大静态吸附容量约为10.83 mg / g，是原始PVDF膜（2.89 mg / g）的3.75倍。PVDF / HAPNPs膜不仅用于静态吸附，而且还用于动态染料去除。这项工作首先讨论了刚果红（CR）和嵌入在共混膜上的HAPNP之间可能的吸附机理。HAPNPs通过路易斯反应，氢键相互作用以及静电吸引作用与CR相互作用，以达到吸附效果。在此，具有非凡的亲水性，机械强度和染料去除效率的PVDF / HAPNPs共混膜在废水处理的实际应用中具有巨大潜力。