Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.

超极化是磁共振成像中的一种新兴方法，它允许气体或液体的核自旋极化在临床相关场强下暂时增强多达五到六个数量级，并在测量时以高浓度给予受试者。这种信号的瞬时增益使得能够对肺部的气体通气和扩散、血管和组织的灌注以及细胞、动物和患者的代谢转化进行非侵入性检测和成像。这种方法的快速发展基于偏振器技术的进步、合适的探针同位素和分子的可用性、改进的 MRI 硬件和脉冲序列的开发。超极化核的采集策略尚未标准化，并且在大多数站点根据探头、感兴趣对象和 MRI 硬件的具体要求单独设置。本综述详细介绍了超极化核的空间分辨检测，并总结了针对不同关键应用领域的新颖和先前建立的采集策略。