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The protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPζ/phosphacan is critical for perineuronal net structure.
Journal of Biological Chemistry ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010830
Geoffrey J Eill 1 , Ashis Sinha 1 , Markus Morawski 2 , Mariano S Viapiano 1, 3 , Russell T Matthews 1
Affiliation  

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are conspicuous neuron-specific substructures within the extracellular matrix of the central nervous system that have generated an explosion of interest over the last decade. These reticulated structures appear to surround synapses on the cell bodies of a subset of the neurons in the central nervous system and play key roles in both developmental and adult-brain plasticity. Despite the interest in these structures and compelling demonstrations of their importance in regulating plasticity, their precise functional mechanisms remain elusive. The limited mechanistic understanding of PNNs is primarily because of an incomplete knowledge of their molecular composition and structure and a failure to identify PNN-specific targets. Thus, it has been challenging to precisely manipulate PNNs to rigorously investigate their function. Here, using mouse models and neuronal cultures, we demonstrate a role of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPζ) in PNN structure. We found that in the absence of RPTPζ, the reticular structure of PNNs is lost and phenocopies the PNN structural abnormalities observed in tenascin-R knockout brains. Furthermore, we biochemically analyzed the contribution of RPTPζ to PNN formation and structure, which enabled us to generate a more detailed model for PNNs. We provide evidence for two distinct kinds of interactions of PNN components with the neuronal surface, one dependent on RPTPζ and the other requiring the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. We propose that these findings offer important insight into PNN structure and lay important groundwork for future strategies to specifically disrupt PNNs to precisely dissect their function.

中文翻译:

酪氨酸磷酸酶RPTPζ/ phosphacan对神经外神经元的净结构至关重要。

神经周围神经网络(PNN)是中枢神经系统细胞外基质中明显的神经元特异性亚结构,在过去十年中引起了人们的关注。这些网状结构似乎包围中枢神经系统中神经元子集的细胞突触,并在发育和成人脑可塑性中起关键作用。尽管对这些结构感兴趣,并且有力地证明了它们在调节可塑性方面的重要性,但它们的精确功能机制仍然难以捉摸。对PNN的机理了解有限,主要是因为对PNN的分子组成和结构的了解不完整,以及无法识别PNN特异的靶标。因此,精确操纵PNN严格研究其功能一直是一个挑战。在这里,使用小鼠模型和神经元文化,我们证明了受体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶zeta(RPTPζ)在PNN结构中的作用。我们发现,在缺乏RPTPζ的情况下,PNN的网状结构丢失,并且表型复制在腱生蛋白-R基因敲除的大脑中观察到的PNN结构异常。此外,我们通过生化分析了RPTPζ对PNN形成和结构的贡献,这使我们能够生成更详细的PNN模型。我们为PNN组件与神经元表面的两种不同类型的相互作用提供证据,一种依赖于RPTPζ,另一种需要糖胺聚糖透明质酸。我们建议这些发现为PNN结构提供重要的见解,并为未来的策略打下重要的基础,以专门破坏PNN以精确地解剖其功能。使用小鼠模型和神经元文化,我们证明了受体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶zeta(RPTPζ)在PNN结构中的作用。我们发现,在缺乏RPTPζ的情况下,PNN的网状结构丢失,并且表型复制在腱生蛋白-R基因敲除的大脑中观察到的PNN结构异常。此外,我们通过生化分析了RPTPζ对PNN形成和结构的贡献,这使我们能够生成更详细的PNN模型。我们为PNN组件与神经元表面的两种不同类型的相互作用提供证据,一种依赖于RPTPζ,另一种需要糖胺聚糖透明质酸。我们建议这些发现为PNN结构提供重要的见解,并为未来的策略打下重要的基础,以专门破坏PNN以精确剖析其功能。使用小鼠模型和神经元文化,我们证明了受体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶zeta(RPTPζ)在PNN结构中的作用。我们发现,在缺乏RPTPζ的情况下,PNN的网状结构丢失,并且表型复制在腱生蛋白-R基因敲除的大脑中观察到的PNN结构异常。此外,我们通过生化分析了RPTPζ对PNN形成和结构的贡献,这使我们能够生成更详细的PNN模型。我们为PNN组件与神经元表面的两种不同类型的相互作用提供证据,一种依赖于RPTPζ,另一种需要糖胺聚糖透明质酸。我们建议这些发现为PNN结构提供重要的见解,并为未来的策略打下重要的基础,以专门破坏PNN以精确地解剖其功能。
更新日期:2020-01-24
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