BACKGROUND The earliest microbial colonizers of the human gut can have life-long consequences for their hosts. Precisely how the neonatal gut bacterial microbiome and virome are initially populated is not well understood. To better understand how the maternal gut microbiome influences acquisition of the infant gut microbiome, we studied the early life bacterial microbiomes and viromes of 28 infant twin pairs and their mothers. RESULTS Infant bacterial and viral communities more closely resemble those of their related co-twin than unrelated infants. We found that 63% of an infant's bacterial microbiome can be traced to their mother's gut microbiota. In contrast, only 15% of their viral communities are acquired from their mother. Delivery route did not determine how much of the bacterial microbiome or virome was shared from mother to infant. However, bacteria-bacteriophage interactions were altered by delivery route. CONCLUSIONS The maternal gut microbiome significantly influences infant gut microbiome acquisition. Vertical transmission of the bacterial microbiome is substantially higher compared to vertical transmission of the virome. However, the degree of similarity between the maternal and infant gut bacterial microbiome and virome did not vary by delivery route. The greater similarity of the bacterial microbiome and virome between twin pairs than unrelated twins may reflect a shared environmental exposure. Thus, differences of the inter-generation transmissibility at birth between the major kingdoms of microbes indicate that the foundation of these microbial communities are shaped by different rules. Video Abstract.

中文翻译：

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细菌和病毒在出生时从母亲到婴儿的不一致传播。


背景技术人类肠道中最早的微生物定植者可能对其宿主产生终生的影响。新生儿肠道细菌微生物组和病毒组最初是如何精确填充的尚不清楚。为了更好地了解母体肠道微生物组如何影响婴儿肠道微生物组的获得，我们研究了 28 对婴儿双胞胎及其母亲的早期细菌微生物组和病毒组。结果 婴儿的细菌和病毒群落比不相关的婴儿更接近其相关双胞胎的细菌和病毒群落。我们发现，婴儿 63% 的细菌微生物群可以追溯到其母亲的肠道微生物群。相比之下，它们的病毒群落中只有 15% 是从母亲那里获得的。分娩途径并不能决定母亲与婴儿之间共享多少细菌微生物组或病毒组。然而，细菌-噬菌体相互作用因递送途径而改变。结论 母体肠道微生物组显着影响婴儿肠道微生物组的获得。与病毒组的垂直传播相比，细菌微生物组的垂直传播要高得多。然而，母婴肠道细菌微生物组和病毒组之间的相似程度并不因分娩途径而异。双胞胎之间的细菌微生物组和病毒组比无关双胞胎之间的相似性更大，这可能反映了共同的环境暴露。因此，主要微生物界之间出生时代际传播率的差异表明，这些微生物群落的基础是由不同的规则塑造的。视频摘要。