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Animal models of scarring control
Eye ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0727-1 David L Williams 1
Eye ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0727-1 David L Williams 1
Affiliation
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Filtration surgery has, for the past 50 years been key in the treatment of glaucoma yet a significant issue in the long-term success of such surgery is fibrosis limiting aqueous drainage. Numerous methods have been used to reduce such scarring after filtration surgery and animal models have been important in the development of such techniques. First animal models have been central in understanding molecular and cellular changes occurring in fibrosis and thus which pathways might be valuable therapeutic. Secondly animal models have been critical in determining which of these therapies is likely to be most worthwhile. Having said that animals differ substantially from humans in the anatomy of their aqueous drainage pathways and in the mechanisms of fibrotic change. Rodents and lagomorphs vary more markedly from humans than do primates at an anatomic, biochemical and physiological level, and thus the latter might seem more appropriate as models for antifibrotic techniques. However the welfare implications, and thus ethical issues, in using primates are more concerning than with rodents or rabbits and efforts to refine, reduce and replace living animals in such model systems are crucially important. One problem is that the animal models normally involve healthy eyes, not ones with glaucoma. In veterinary ophthalmology we see large numbers of dogs with glaucoma, many of which have filtration implants placed. Potentially these could be a valuable animal model where benefits of antifibrotic treatment could benefit the animals involved and the research seeking to optimise such treatments. 在以往50年, 滤过手术已成为治疗青光眼非常重要的方法, 然而组织纤维化阻滞房水流出通道成为影响该手术远期成功率的严峻问题。为减少滤过手术术后的组织斑痕化采取了很多方法, 动物模型在这些改良方法的研究中起到重要的作用。首先, 对纤维化在分子和细胞水平的研究可确定哪条信号通路有疗效, 动物模型在其中发挥着重要作用。其次, 动物模型有助于确定何种治疗方式可能最有效。然而, 动物与人类在房水引流途径和组织纤维化的发病机制方面本质不同。相较于灵长类动物, 啮齿类动物和兔子在组织解剖、生物化学、生理学方面与人类差异更大, 因此灵长类动物似乎更适合作为抗纤维化治疗的动物模型。但是, 与啮齿类动物和兔子相比, 使用灵长类动物模型的费用和由此产生的伦理问题更加令人担忧, 对此动物模型进行“改进、减少、替换”至关重要。另外一个问题, 是动物模型通常为正常眼, 而非青光眼。在兽医眼科中, 我们发现了大量患有青光眼的狗, 其中许多已经植入青光眼引流阀。这些狗或许可以作为有价值的动物模型, 一方面抗纤维治疗可以使这些动物获益, 另一方面可寻找最优的治疗方案。
中文翻译：
疤痕控制的动物模型
Filtration surgery has, for the past 50 years been key in the treatment of glaucoma yet a significant issue in the long-term success of such surgery is fibrosis limiting aqueous drainage. Numerous methods have been used to reduce such scarring after filtration surgery and animal models have been important in the development of such techniques. First animal models have been central in understanding molecular and cellular changes occurring in fibrosis and thus which pathways might be valuable therapeutic. Secondly animal models have been critical in determining which of these therapies is likely to be most worthwhile. Having said that animals differ substantially from humans in the anatomy of their aqueous drainage pathways and in the mechanisms of fibrotic change. Rodents and lagomorphs vary more markedly from humans than do primates at an anatomic, biochemical and physiological level, and thus the latter might seem more appropriate as models for antifibrotic techniques. However the welfare implications, and thus ethical issues, in using primates are more concerning than with rodents or rabbits and efforts to refine, reduce and replace living animals in such model systems are crucially important. One problem is that the animal models normally involve healthy eyes, not ones with glaucoma. In veterinary ophthalmology we see large numbers of dogs with glaucoma, many of which have filtration implants placed. Potentially these could be a valuable animal model where benefits of antifibrotic treatment could benefit the animals involved and the research seeking to optimise such treatments. 在以往50年, 滤过手术已成为治疗青光眼非常重要的方法, 然而组织纤维化阻滞房水流出通道成为影响该手术远期成功率的严峻问题。为减少滤过手术术后的组织斑痕化采取了很多方法, 动物模型在这些改良方法的研究中起到重要的作用。首先, 对纤维化在分子和细胞水平的研究可确定哪条信号通路有疗效, 动物模型在其中发挥着重要作用。其次, 动物模型有助于确定何种治疗方式可能最有效。然而, 动物与人类在房水引流途径和组织纤维化的发病机制方面本质不同。相较于灵长类动物, 啮齿类动物和兔子在组织解剖、生物化学、生理学方面与人类差异更大, 因此灵长类动物似乎更适合作为抗纤维化治疗的动物模型。但是, 与啮齿类动物和兔子相比, 使用灵长类动物模型的费用和由此产生的伦理问题更加令人担忧, 对此动物模型进行“改进、减少、替换”至关重要。另外一个问题, 是动物模型通常为正常眼, 而非青光眼。在兽医眼科中, 我们发现了大量患有青光眼的狗, 其中许多已经植入青光眼引流阀。这些狗或许可以作为有价值的动物模型, 一方面抗纤维治疗可以使这些动物获益, 另一方面可寻找最优的治疗方案。
更新日期：2019-12-10
中文翻译：
疤痕控制的动物模型
Filtration surgery has, for the past 50 years been key in the treatment of glaucoma yet a significant issue in the long-term success of such surgery is fibrosis limiting aqueous drainage. Numerous methods have been used to reduce such scarring after filtration surgery and animal models have been important in the development of such techniques. First animal models have been central in understanding molecular and cellular changes occurring in fibrosis and thus which pathways might be valuable therapeutic. Secondly animal models have been critical in determining which of these therapies is likely to be most worthwhile. Having said that animals differ substantially from humans in the anatomy of their aqueous drainage pathways and in the mechanisms of fibrotic change. Rodents and lagomorphs vary more markedly from humans than do primates at an anatomic, biochemical and physiological level, and thus the latter might seem more appropriate as models for antifibrotic techniques. However the welfare implications, and thus ethical issues, in using primates are more concerning than with rodents or rabbits and efforts to refine, reduce and replace living animals in such model systems are crucially important. One problem is that the animal models normally involve healthy eyes, not ones with glaucoma. In veterinary ophthalmology we see large numbers of dogs with glaucoma, many of which have filtration implants placed. Potentially these could be a valuable animal model where benefits of antifibrotic treatment could benefit the animals involved and the research seeking to optimise such treatments. 在以往50年, 滤过手术已成为治疗青光眼非常重要的方法, 然而组织纤维化阻滞房水流出通道成为影响该手术远期成功率的严峻问题。为减少滤过手术术后的组织斑痕化采取了很多方法, 动物模型在这些改良方法的研究中起到重要的作用。首先, 对纤维化在分子和细胞水平的研究可确定哪条信号通路有疗效, 动物模型在其中发挥着重要作用。其次, 动物模型有助于确定何种治疗方式可能最有效。然而, 动物与人类在房水引流途径和组织纤维化的发病机制方面本质不同。相较于灵长类动物, 啮齿类动物和兔子在组织解剖、生物化学、生理学方面与人类差异更大, 因此灵长类动物似乎更适合作为抗纤维化治疗的动物模型。但是, 与啮齿类动物和兔子相比, 使用灵长类动物模型的费用和由此产生的伦理问题更加令人担忧, 对此动物模型进行“改进、减少、替换”至关重要。另外一个问题, 是动物模型通常为正常眼, 而非青光眼。在兽医眼科中, 我们发现了大量患有青光眼的狗, 其中许多已经植入青光眼引流阀。这些狗或许可以作为有价值的动物模型, 一方面抗纤维治疗可以使这些动物获益, 另一方面可寻找最优的治疗方案。
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