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Carbonic anhydrase IX and acid transport in cancer.
British Journal of Cancer ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0642-z
Holger M Becker 1
Affiliation  

Alterations in tumour metabolism and acid/base regulation result in the formation of a hostile environment, which fosters tumour growth and metastasis. Acid/base homoeostasis in cancer cells is governed by the concerted interplay between carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and various transport proteins, which either mediate proton extrusion or the shuttling of acid/base equivalents, such as bicarbonate and lactate, across the cell membrane. Accumulating evidence suggests that some of these transporters interact both directly and functionally with CAIX to form a protein complex coined the 'transport metabolon'. Transport metabolons formed between bicarbonate transporters and CAIX require CA catalytic activity and have a function in cancer cell migration and invasion. Another type of transport metabolon is formed by CAIX and monocarboxylate transporters. In this complex, CAIX functions as a proton antenna for the transporter, which drives the export of lactate and protons from the cell. Since CAIX is almost exclusively expressed in cancer cells, these transport metabolons might serve as promising targets to interfere with tumour pH regulation and energy metabolism. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on the function of CAIX in tumour acid/base transport and discusses how CAIX transport metabolons could be exploited in modern cancer therapy.

中文翻译:

碳酸酐酶 IX 和癌症中的酸转运。

肿瘤代谢和酸碱调节的改变导致不利环境的形成,从而促进肿瘤生长和转移。癌细胞中的酸/碱稳态由碳酸酐酶 (CA) 和各种转运蛋白之间的协同相互作用控制,这些蛋白要么介导质子挤出,要么介导酸/碱等价物(例如碳酸氢盐和乳酸)穿过细胞膜。越来越多的证据表明,其中一些转运蛋白与 CAIX 直接相互作用并在功能上相互作用,形成蛋白质复合物,称为“转运代谢”。碳酸氢盐转运蛋白和 CAIX 之间形成的转运代谢物需要 CA 催化活性,并在癌细胞迁移和侵袭中发挥作用。另一种类型的转运代谢是由 CAIX 和单羧酸转运蛋白形成的。在这个复合体中,CAIX 充当转运蛋白的质子天线,驱动细胞中乳酸和质子的输出。由于 CAIX 几乎只在癌细胞中表达,因此这些转运代谢物可能作为干扰肿瘤 pH 调节和能量代谢的有希望的靶标。本综述概述了 CAIX 在肿瘤酸/碱转运中的功能研究现状,并讨论了如何在现代癌症治疗中利用 CAIX 转运代谢。
更新日期:2019-12-11
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