A common feature of cancer cells is their ability to rewire their metabolism to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival. In particular, the importance of altered fatty acid metabolism in cancer has received renewed interest as, aside their principal role as structural components of the membrane matrix, they are important secondary messengers, and can also serve as fuel sources for energy production. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which cancer cells rewire their fatty acid metabolism with a focus on four main areas of research. (1) The role of de novo synthesis and exogenous uptake in the cellular pool of fatty acids. (2) The mechanisms through which molecular heterogeneity and oncogenic signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, regulate fatty acid metabolism. (3) The role of fatty acids as essential mediators of cancer progression and metastasis, through remodelling of the tumour microenvironment. (4) Therapeutic strategies and considerations for successfully targeting fatty acid metabolism in cancer. Further research focusing on the complex interplay between oncogenic signalling and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism holds great promise to uncover novel metabolic vulnerabilities and improve the efficacy of targeted therapies.

中文翻译：

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癌症中脂肪酸代谢的重编程。

癌细胞的一个共同特征是它们能够重新连接新陈代谢，以维持细胞生长、分裂和生存所需的 ATP 和大分子的产生。特别是，脂肪酸代谢改变在癌症中的重要性重新引起了人们的兴趣，因为除了它们作为膜基质的结构成分的主要作用之外，它们还是重要的第二信使，并且还可以作为能量生产的燃料来源。在这篇综述中，我们将研究癌细胞重新连接脂肪酸代谢的机制，重点关注四个主要研究领域。(1)细胞脂肪酸库中从头合成和外源摄取的作用。(2)分子异质性和致癌信号转导途径（例如PI3K-AKT-mTOR信号传导）调节脂肪酸代谢的机制。(3)脂肪酸通过重塑肿瘤微环境作为癌症进展和转移的重要介质的作用。(4)成功靶向癌症脂肪酸代谢的治疗策略和考虑因素。进一步的研究重点关注致癌信号和脂肪酸代谢失调之间复杂的相互作用，这有望揭示新的代谢脆弱性并提高靶向治疗的疗效。