Abstract The open landscapes produced over centuries by small-scale farming in Norwegian coastal and fjord areas are threatened by agricultural abandonment, raising public concern for maintenance of the species-rich and valuable coastal grasslands. Semi-natural grasslands, traditionally grazed in the spring and fall and mown in summer, are most affected. Two linear programming models, one for small-scale sheep and one for small-scale mixed dairy and meat farms, both described in a separate method article, were developed. In the models is studied effects on production, grazing and land utilization, of altering government financial support among leys on arable land, enclosed farm pasture, grazing animals, and altering the (regulated) prices farmers pay for concentrate feed at the farm level. Sheep grazing can be expanded by intensification through increased fertilization and purchase of concentrate feed. Raising steers instead of bulls on dairy and beef farms with a milk quota would result in more mixed grazing by both sheep and steers, which is advantageous for the landscape. Steers are currently quite rare in Norway and their numbers can be increased with more subsidies for grazing, (Grazing Support (GS)) or by increasing the Regional Environmental Support (RES), a policy instrument targeting local projects for more grazing in specific areas. The current Agriculture and Cultural Landscape (ACL) subsidy payment places a higher value on arable land compared to the more biodiverse farm pastures, resulting in weaker incentives for keeping farm pasture in production. Raising the rate for farm pasture relative to that of arable land in the ACL scheme would result in stronger incentives for keeping such farm pasture in production, and likely increase biodiversity and landscape values. Increased GS for sheep might lead to more purchase of concentrate to keep more animals through the winter and eventually needs to be counteracted with higher prices for concentrated feedstuffs.

中文翻译：

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在小规模农业系统中保护挪威沿海和峡湾景观的政策措施

摘要 挪威沿海和峡湾地区几个世纪以来由小规模农业生产的开放景观受到农业遗弃的威胁，引起了公众对维护物种丰富且宝贵的沿海草原的关注。半天然草原，传统上在春季和秋季放牧，夏季修剪，受影响最大。开发了两种线性规划模型，一种用于小型绵羊，一种用于小型混合奶牛场和肉类农场，这两种模型都在单独的方法文章中进行了描述。在这些模型中，研究了改变耕地、封闭农场牧场、放牧动物之间的政府财政支持对生产、放牧和土地利用的影响，以及改变农民在农场层面为精饲料支付的（管制）价格。可以通过增加施肥和购买精饲料来进行集约化，从而扩大绵羊放牧。在有牛奶配额的奶牛场和牛场饲养公牛而不是公牛会导致更多的绵羊和公牛混合放牧，这对景观有利。目前，挪威的阉牛非常稀少，可以通过增加放牧补贴（放牧支持（GS））或增加区域环境支持（RES）来增加它们的数量，区域环境支持是一种针对地方项目的政策工具，以在特定地区增加放牧。与生物多样性更丰富的农场牧场相比，当前的农业和文化景观 (ACL) 补贴支付对耕地的重视程度更高，导致保持农场牧场生产的动力较弱。在 ACL 计划中提高农场牧场相对于耕地的比率将导致更强烈地激励保持此类农场牧场的生产，并可能增加生物多样性和景观价值。绵羊的 GS 增加可能会导致购买更多的浓缩物以让更多的动物过冬，最终需要用更高的浓缩饲料价格来抵消。