Sequestering CO₂ in the form of carbon-based liquid fuels would provide both a convenient and sustainable form of energy for practical use as well as mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change. Ocean wave energy is an abundant and relatively stable source of renewable energy, which would be highly desirable for the conversion of CO₂ to conveniently stored and transported liquid fuels. In this work, we demonstrate a wave-energy-driven electrochemical CO₂ reduction system, consisting of triboelectric nanogenerators, a supercapacitor and a CO₂ reduction reactor, that converts ocean wave energy to chemical energy in the form of formic acid, a liquid fuel. We optimize the energy storage component of the system and operation voltage of the electrochemical cell to achieve efficient energy storage and maximize the production of formic acid. Under simulated waves, the system can produce 2.798 μmol of formic acid per day via the wave energy harvested from a water surface area of 0.04 m². Moreover, we have performed field tests in the Red Sea to demonstrate the practicality of such an electrochemical CO₂ reduction system. Finally, we present design guidelines for achieving a cost-effective, efficient, and large-scale wave-energy-driven CO₂ reduction system for liquid fuel production.

中文翻译：

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蓝色能源燃料：通过减少二氧化碳将海浪能转化为碳基液体燃料

隔离以碳基液体燃料形式存在的CO ₂既可以提供方便且可持续的能源形式供实际使用，也可以减轻全球变暖和气候变化的影响。海浪能量是丰富且相对稳定的可再生能源，对于将CO ₂转换为方便存储和运输的液体燃料，这将是非常需要的。在这项工作中，我们演示了由波浪能驱动的电化学CO ₂还原系统，该系统由摩擦纳米发电机，超级电容器和CO _2组成还原反应堆，将甲酸作为液体燃料形式的海浪能量转换为化学能。我们优化了系统的储能组件和电化学电池的工作电压，以实现高效的储能并最大限度地提高甲酸的产量。在模拟波浪作用下，该系统每天可通过从0.04 m ²的水表面积中收集到的波能来生产2.798μmol的甲酸。此外，我们已经在红海进行了现场测试，以证明这种电化学CO ₂还原系统的实用性。最后，我们提出了设计指南，以实现具有成本效益，高效且大规模的波浪能驱动的CO ₂ 减少液体燃料生产的系统。