Structural brain abnormalities in children and adolescents with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.,Translational Psychiatry

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Structural brain abnormalities in children and adolescents with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Translational Psychiatry ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-09 , DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0679-z
Yoshifumi Mizuno _{1,

2} , Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono _{3,

4,

5} , Minyoung Jung _{6,

7} , Kai Makita ₈ , Shinichiro Takiguchi _{1,

6} , Takashi X Fujisawa _{6,

8} , Masaya Tachibana _{3,

4,

5} , Mariko Nakanishi _{3,

4,

5} , Ikuko Mohri _{3,

4,

5} , Masako Taniike _{3,

4,

5} , Akemi Tomoda _{1,

6,

8}

Affiliation

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share high rates of comorbidity, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition now acknowledging the comorbid diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. Although structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia occur in both ASD and ADHD, no structural studies have focused exclusively on patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD. We thus aimed to clarify the structural features and developmental changes in patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD in a relatively large sample from two sites. Ninety-two patients were age-matched to 141 typically developing (TD) controls (age range: 5-16 years) and assessed for volumetric characteristics using structural magnetic resonance imaging (i.e. surface-based morphometry). While there were no significant differences in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia volumes, patients with ASD and ADHD exhibited significantly lower left postcentral gyrus volumes than TD controls. We observed significantly lower postcentral gyrus volumes exclusively in children and preadolescents, and not in adolescents. Our findings suggest that abnormal somatosensory, attributed to delayed maturation of the left postcentral gyrus, leads to the core symptoms experienced by patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD.

中文翻译：

患有自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷/多动障碍的儿童和青少年的大脑结构异常。

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的共病率很高，《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第五版现在承认 ASD 和 ADHD 的共病诊断。尽管自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和多动症 (ADHD) 患者的前额皮质、小脑和基底神经节均出现结构异常，但目前还没有专门针对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和多动症 (ADHD) 共病患者的结构研究。因此，我们的目的是通过来自两个地点的相对较大的样本来阐明患有 ASD 和 ADHD 共病患者的结构特征和发育变化。92 名患者与 141 名典型发育 (TD) 对照（年龄范围：5-16 岁）进行年龄匹配，并使用结构磁共振成像（即基于表面的形态测定法）评估体积特征。虽然前额皮质、小脑和基底神经节体积没有显着差异，但 ASD 和 ADHD 患者的左中央后回体积明显低于 TD 对照组。我们观察到，仅在儿童和青春期前儿童中，中央后回体积显着较低，而在青少年中则不然。我们的研究结果表明，由于左侧中央后回成熟延迟导致的体感异常，导致了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和多动症 (ADHD) 共病患者所经历的核心症状。

更新日期：2019-12-11

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