Objectives To examine whether areal bone mineral density (aBMD) differs between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) overweight/obese children and to examine the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was developed in 188 overweight/obese children (10.4 ± 1.2 years) from the ActiveBrains and EFIGRO studies. Participants were classified as MHO or MUO based on Jolliffe and Janssen’s metabolic syndrome cut-off points for triglycerides, glucose, high-density cholesterol and blood pressure. MVPA and CRF were assessed by accelerometry and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results In model 1 (adjusted for sex, years from peak high velocity, stature and lean mass), MHO children had significantly higher aBMD in total body less head (Cohen’s d effect size, ES = 0.34), trunk (ES = 0.43) and pelvis (ES = 0.33) than MUO children. These differences were attenuated once MVPA was added to model 1 (model 2), and most of them disappeared once CRF was added to the model 1 (model 3). Conclusions This novel research shows that MHO children have greater aBMD than their MUO peers. Furthermore, both MVPA and more importantly CRF seem to partially explain these findings.

中文翻译：

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代谢健康和不健康超重/肥胖儿童的骨密度差异：身体活动和心肺健康的作用

目的 检查代谢健康 (MHO) 和不健康 (MUO) 超重/肥胖儿童的面积骨矿物质密度 (aBMD) 是否不同，并检查中等至剧烈运动 (MVPA) 和心肺适能 (CRF) 在这个协会。方法 对来自 ActiveBrains 和 EFIGRO 研究的 188 名超重/肥胖儿童（10.4 ± 1.2 岁）进行了横断面研究。根据 Jolliffe 和 Janssen 的甘油三酯、葡萄糖、高密度胆固醇和血压的代谢综合征临界点，参与者被分为 MHO 或 MUO。MVPA 和 CRF 分别通过加速度计和 20 米穿梭运行测试进行评估。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量身体成分。结果 在模型 1 中（根据性别、距峰值高速的年数、身高和瘦体重进行了调整），MHO 儿童在全身少头（Cohen's d 效应值，ES = 0.34）、躯干（ES = 0.43）和骨盆（ES = 0.33）方面的 aBMD 显着高于 MUO 儿童。一旦将MVPA添加到模型1（模型2）中，这些差异就会减弱，而一旦将CRF添加到模型1（模型3）中，它们中的大部分就消失了。结论 这项新颖的研究表明，MHO 儿童的 aBMD 比 MUO 同龄人大。此外，MVPA 和更重要的 CRF 似乎部分解释了这些发现。结论 这项新颖的研究表明，MHO 儿童的 aBMD 比 MUO 同龄人大。此外，MVPA 和更重要的 CRF 似乎部分解释了这些发现。结论 这项新颖的研究表明，MHO 儿童的 aBMD 比 MUO 同龄人大。此外，MVPA 和更重要的 CRF 似乎部分解释了这些发现。