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Sensitivity of Sub-Bandgap External Quantum Efficiency Measurements of Solar Cells under Electrical and Light Bias
ACS Photonics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01531 Stefan Zeiske 1 , Christina Kaiser 1 , Paul Meredith 1 , Ardalan Armin 1
ACS Photonics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01531 Stefan Zeiske 1 , Christina Kaiser 1 , Paul Meredith 1 , Ardalan Armin 1
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The measurement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for photocurrent generation at photon energies below the bandgap of semiconductors has always been an important tool for understanding phenomena such as charge photogeneration via tail and trap states. The shape of the subgap EQE can also reveal the subtle but important physics of inter- and intramolecular states that lay at the heart of charge photogeneration in molecular systems such as organic semiconductors. In this work, we examine the influence of optical and electrical noise on the sensitivity of EQE measurements under different electrical and optical bias conditions and demonstrate how to enhance the dynamic range to an unprecedented >100 dB. We identify and study several apparatus-and-device-related factors limiting the sensitivity including: the electrical noise floor of the measurement system; flicker and pick-up noise; probe light source stray light; the photon noise of the light bias source; the electrical noise of the voltage bias source; and the shunt-resistance-limited thermal and electrical shot noise of the device. By understanding and minimizing the influence of these factors we are able to detect EQE signals derived from weak subgap absorption features in both organic and inorganic solar cell systems at photon energies well below their bandgaps.
中文翻译：
电和光偏置下太阳能电池亚带隙外部量子效率测量的灵敏度
在半导体带隙以下的光子能量下，用于产生光电流的外部量子效率（EQE）的测量一直是了解现象的重要工具，例如通过尾态和陷阱态进行电荷光生化的现象。亚间隙EQE的形状还可以揭示分子间和分子内状态的微妙但重要的物理原理，这些物理原理是分子系统（例如有机半导体）中电荷光生的核心。在这项工作中，我们研究了在不同的电和光偏置条件下，光和电噪声对EQE测量灵敏度的影响，并演示了如何将动态范围提高到前所未有的> 100 dB。我们确定并研究了几种与设备和设备有关的因素，这些因素限制了灵敏度，其中包括：测量系统的电气本底噪声；闪烁和拾取噪声；探测光源杂散光；偏置光源的光子噪声；偏压源的电噪声；以及分流电阻限制的器件的热和电散粒噪声。通过了解和最小化这些因素的影响，我们能够检测到远低于其带隙的有机和无机太阳能电池系统中弱子带吸收特征所产生的EQE信号。
更新日期：2020-01-04
中文翻译：
电和光偏置下太阳能电池亚带隙外部量子效率测量的灵敏度
在半导体带隙以下的光子能量下，用于产生光电流的外部量子效率（EQE）的测量一直是了解现象的重要工具，例如通过尾态和陷阱态进行电荷光生化的现象。亚间隙EQE的形状还可以揭示分子间和分子内状态的微妙但重要的物理原理，这些物理原理是分子系统（例如有机半导体）中电荷光生的核心。在这项工作中，我们研究了在不同的电和光偏置条件下，光和电噪声对EQE测量灵敏度的影响，并演示了如何将动态范围提高到前所未有的> 100 dB。我们确定并研究了几种与设备和设备有关的因素，这些因素限制了灵敏度，其中包括：测量系统的电气本底噪声；闪烁和拾取噪声；探测光源杂散光；偏置光源的光子噪声；偏压源的电噪声；以及分流电阻限制的器件的热和电散粒噪声。通过了解和最小化这些因素的影响，我们能够检测到远低于其带隙的有机和无机太阳能电池系统中弱子带吸收特征所产生的EQE信号。
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