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Crystallinity-Independent yet Modification-Dependent True Density of Nanocellulose.
Biomacromolecules ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01584
Kazuho Daicho 1 , Kayoko Kobayashi 1 , Shuji Fujisawa 1 , Tsuguyuki Saito 1
Affiliation  

In materials science and crystallography, the true density is an important derived physical quantity of solids. Here we report the correlation of the true density of nanometer-wide fibrillar crystallites of cellulose with their purity, crystallinity, morphology, and surface functionality. In the single fibrils, all the cellulose molecules are uniaxiallly oriented. Thus, the true density indicates the molecular packing density in the single fibrils and is essential for the precise estimation of the volume fraction of cellulose in fibril-based composites or porous structures. We demonstrate that the true density of fibrillar crystallites of cellulose is approximately 1.60 g/cm3 irrespective of the biological origins of the cellulose (wood, cotton, or a tunicate) and the crystallinity. The true density is in fact independent of the dimension of the crystallites and the atomic conformation of the uniaxially oriented but noncrystalline molecules at the crystallite surface. In the single fibrils, all the cellulose molecules are densely packed from the crystalline core to the noncrystalline outermost regions. The value of 1.60 g/cm3 remains unchanged even when the fibrils are dispersed through the wet disintegration process of "nanocellulose" production. In contrast, tailoring the surface functionality of the fibrils by oxidation and/or adsorption results in a substantial change in the true density up to 1.8 g/cm3 or down to 1.3 g/cm3. The true density of nanocellulose is indeed governed by the surface functionality and has a strong gradient in the fibril cross-sectional direction.

中文翻译:

纳米纤维素的结晶度独立但修饰依赖的真实密度。

在材料科学和晶体学中,真实密度是固体的重要衍生物理量。在这里,我们报告了纤维素的纳米级原纤维微晶的真实密度与它们的纯度,结晶度,形态和表面功能的相关性。在单个原纤维中,所有纤维素分子都是单轴取向的。因此,真实密度表示单个原纤维中的分子堆积密度,并且对于精确估算原纤维基复合材料或多孔结构中纤维素的体积分数至关重要。我们证明,纤维素的纤维状微晶的真实密度约为1.60 g / cm3,而与纤维素的生物来源(木材,棉花或被膜)和结晶度无关。实际上,真实密度与微晶的尺寸和微晶表面上单轴取向但非结晶分子的原子构象无关。在单个原纤维中,所有纤维素分子从结晶核到非结晶最外层区域密集地堆积。即使通过“纳米纤维素”生产的湿法分解过程分散原纤维,其1.60 g / cm3的值也保持不变。相反,通过氧化和/或吸附调节原纤维的表面功能性导致真实密度的显着变化,高达1.8g / cm 3或降低至1.3g / cm 3。纳米纤维素的真实密度确实受表面功能性支配,并且在原纤维横截面方向上具有很强的梯度。
更新日期:2019-12-25
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